Systematic review of pharmacological, complementary, and alternative therapies for the prevention of calcium oxalate stones

Objective: Several therapeutic modalities for the prevention of calcium oxalate (CaOx) stones have been studied, but only a select few of these modalities have been incorporated into the American Urological Association guidelines. Our study aimed to organize and interrogate existing research that ma...

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Main Authors: Christopher Y.Z. Lo, Qian Hui Khor, Victor A. Abdullatif, Cesar Delgado, Yadong Lu, Jonathan Katz, Roger L. Sur
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-04-01
Series:Asian Journal of Urology
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214388224000882
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author Christopher Y.Z. Lo
Qian Hui Khor
Victor A. Abdullatif
Cesar Delgado
Yadong Lu
Jonathan Katz
Roger L. Sur
author_facet Christopher Y.Z. Lo
Qian Hui Khor
Victor A. Abdullatif
Cesar Delgado
Yadong Lu
Jonathan Katz
Roger L. Sur
author_sort Christopher Y.Z. Lo
collection DOAJ
description Objective: Several therapeutic modalities for the prevention of calcium oxalate (CaOx) stones have been studied, but only a select few of these modalities have been incorporated into the American Urological Association guidelines. Our study aimed to organize and interrogate existing research that may be promising for CaOx prevention. Methods: A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE and Embase from inception to November 16, 2022. Our study population included adults with or without a history of CaOx kidney stones. Studies in which patients were treated with pharmacotherapies, herbal supplements, or uncategorized research chemicals that are not included in the current American Urological Association guidelines for preventing CaOx stones were included. Nonoriginal research was excluded. Results: Out of the 6155 identified articles, 38 were included in the final analysis. The five distinct categories of interventions for stone prevention were “medications”, “herbal supplements”, “food and macronutrients”, “micronutrients”, and “enzymes and probiotics”. Modalities that were found to reduce known urinary risk factors were tolvaptan, cranberry juice, magnesium citrate, oxalate-degrading enzyme ALLN-177, and malic acid. Prophylaxis that reduced stone formation were sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, eicosapentaenoic acid, ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-disphosphonate. Therapies that reduced urinary risk factors and stone formation were Phyllanthus niruri, rice bran, and magnesium hydroxide. Conclusion: Several of the identified therapies may provide prophylactic benefits for CaOx stone formation and may be useful for inclusion in guidelines for kidney stone prevention.
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spelling doaj-art-089c688a52c64e7f8b3f05c57eb0e7122025-08-20T03:11:06ZengElsevierAsian Journal of Urology2214-38822025-04-0112216918810.1016/j.ajur.2024.04.006Systematic review of pharmacological, complementary, and alternative therapies for the prevention of calcium oxalate stonesChristopher Y.Z. Lo0Qian Hui Khor1Victor A. Abdullatif2Cesar Delgado3Yadong Lu4Jonathan Katz5Roger L. Sur6Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore; Corresponding author.Changi General Hospital, Singapore, SingaporeDepartment of Urology, Ascension Macomb Oakland Hospital, Warren, MI, USADepartment of Urology, University of California San Diego Health, San Diego, CA, USADepartment of Urology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, SingaporeDepartment of Urology, University of California San Diego Health, San Diego, CA, USADepartment of Urology, University of California San Diego Health, San Diego, CA, USAObjective: Several therapeutic modalities for the prevention of calcium oxalate (CaOx) stones have been studied, but only a select few of these modalities have been incorporated into the American Urological Association guidelines. Our study aimed to organize and interrogate existing research that may be promising for CaOx prevention. Methods: A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE and Embase from inception to November 16, 2022. Our study population included adults with or without a history of CaOx kidney stones. Studies in which patients were treated with pharmacotherapies, herbal supplements, or uncategorized research chemicals that are not included in the current American Urological Association guidelines for preventing CaOx stones were included. Nonoriginal research was excluded. Results: Out of the 6155 identified articles, 38 were included in the final analysis. The five distinct categories of interventions for stone prevention were “medications”, “herbal supplements”, “food and macronutrients”, “micronutrients”, and “enzymes and probiotics”. Modalities that were found to reduce known urinary risk factors were tolvaptan, cranberry juice, magnesium citrate, oxalate-degrading enzyme ALLN-177, and malic acid. Prophylaxis that reduced stone formation were sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, eicosapentaenoic acid, ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-disphosphonate. Therapies that reduced urinary risk factors and stone formation were Phyllanthus niruri, rice bran, and magnesium hydroxide. Conclusion: Several of the identified therapies may provide prophylactic benefits for CaOx stone formation and may be useful for inclusion in guidelines for kidney stone prevention.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214388224000882Calcium oxalateKidney stoneUrolithiasisPreventionProphylaxis
spellingShingle Christopher Y.Z. Lo
Qian Hui Khor
Victor A. Abdullatif
Cesar Delgado
Yadong Lu
Jonathan Katz
Roger L. Sur
Systematic review of pharmacological, complementary, and alternative therapies for the prevention of calcium oxalate stones
Asian Journal of Urology
Calcium oxalate
Kidney stone
Urolithiasis
Prevention
Prophylaxis
title Systematic review of pharmacological, complementary, and alternative therapies for the prevention of calcium oxalate stones
title_full Systematic review of pharmacological, complementary, and alternative therapies for the prevention of calcium oxalate stones
title_fullStr Systematic review of pharmacological, complementary, and alternative therapies for the prevention of calcium oxalate stones
title_full_unstemmed Systematic review of pharmacological, complementary, and alternative therapies for the prevention of calcium oxalate stones
title_short Systematic review of pharmacological, complementary, and alternative therapies for the prevention of calcium oxalate stones
title_sort systematic review of pharmacological complementary and alternative therapies for the prevention of calcium oxalate stones
topic Calcium oxalate
Kidney stone
Urolithiasis
Prevention
Prophylaxis
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214388224000882
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