Geographical Association of Bird Species Richness with All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality Rates of Local Residents: An Ecological Study in China

The pressing ecological challenges of the twenty-first century underscore the need for biodiversity protection. The “One Health” approach, which integrates human, animal, and environmental health, has become increasingly vital. This study investigates the relationship between bird species richness,...

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Main Authors: Ning Zhang, Jinling You, Qiaochu Xu, Jiacheng Cai, Kelvin P. Jordan, Li Li, Tanchun Yu, Ying Chen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Life
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/15/6/875
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author Ning Zhang
Jinling You
Qiaochu Xu
Jiacheng Cai
Kelvin P. Jordan
Li Li
Tanchun Yu
Ying Chen
author_facet Ning Zhang
Jinling You
Qiaochu Xu
Jiacheng Cai
Kelvin P. Jordan
Li Li
Tanchun Yu
Ying Chen
author_sort Ning Zhang
collection DOAJ
description The pressing ecological challenges of the twenty-first century underscore the need for biodiversity protection. The “One Health” approach, which integrates human, animal, and environmental health, has become increasingly vital. This study investigates the relationship between bird species richness, an important indicator of biodiversity, and both all-cause and cause-specific mortality rates in China. This nationwide county-level ecological study combined citizen science bird data from the China Bird Report Center, all-cause and cause-specific mortality rates of 2021 from the National Mortality Surveillance System, and county-level statistics of population characteristics, socio-economics, education, and healthcare services. We employed univariate and multivariate linear regressions to explore the association between bird diversity and mortality rates. Overall, data from 421 counties revealed a negative association between bird species richness and all-cause mortality rates, with a regression coefficient (95% confidence interval) of −0.197 (−0.376, −0.017). This study also found significant negative associations between bird species richness and cause-specific mortality rates for several diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases (including cerebrovascular and ischemic heart diseases) and cancers (including lung cancer). The effects of associations were similar between both genders. Our findings underscore the significance of biodiversity conservation for public health and highlight the importance of integrated environmental and health policies.
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spelling doaj-art-088dc3ea58a14862a4c092bdf9794ef62025-08-20T03:27:21ZengMDPI AGLife2075-17292025-05-0115687510.3390/life15060875Geographical Association of Bird Species Richness with All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality Rates of Local Residents: An Ecological Study in ChinaNing Zhang0Jinling You1Qiaochu Xu2Jiacheng Cai3Kelvin P. Jordan4Li Li5Tanchun Yu6Ying Chen7Wisdom Lake Academy of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, ChinaNational Center for Chronic and Non-Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, ChinaWisdom Lake Academy of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, ChinaWisdom Lake Academy of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, ChinaSchool of Medicine, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UKDepartment of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, ChinaDepartment of Nutrition and Health Education, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, ChinaWisdom Lake Academy of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, ChinaThe pressing ecological challenges of the twenty-first century underscore the need for biodiversity protection. The “One Health” approach, which integrates human, animal, and environmental health, has become increasingly vital. This study investigates the relationship between bird species richness, an important indicator of biodiversity, and both all-cause and cause-specific mortality rates in China. This nationwide county-level ecological study combined citizen science bird data from the China Bird Report Center, all-cause and cause-specific mortality rates of 2021 from the National Mortality Surveillance System, and county-level statistics of population characteristics, socio-economics, education, and healthcare services. We employed univariate and multivariate linear regressions to explore the association between bird diversity and mortality rates. Overall, data from 421 counties revealed a negative association between bird species richness and all-cause mortality rates, with a regression coefficient (95% confidence interval) of −0.197 (−0.376, −0.017). This study also found significant negative associations between bird species richness and cause-specific mortality rates for several diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases (including cerebrovascular and ischemic heart diseases) and cancers (including lung cancer). The effects of associations were similar between both genders. Our findings underscore the significance of biodiversity conservation for public health and highlight the importance of integrated environmental and health policies.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/15/6/875biodiversitybird speciesmortality ratehuman healthepidemiologyOne Health
spellingShingle Ning Zhang
Jinling You
Qiaochu Xu
Jiacheng Cai
Kelvin P. Jordan
Li Li
Tanchun Yu
Ying Chen
Geographical Association of Bird Species Richness with All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality Rates of Local Residents: An Ecological Study in China
Life
biodiversity
bird species
mortality rate
human health
epidemiology
One Health
title Geographical Association of Bird Species Richness with All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality Rates of Local Residents: An Ecological Study in China
title_full Geographical Association of Bird Species Richness with All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality Rates of Local Residents: An Ecological Study in China
title_fullStr Geographical Association of Bird Species Richness with All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality Rates of Local Residents: An Ecological Study in China
title_full_unstemmed Geographical Association of Bird Species Richness with All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality Rates of Local Residents: An Ecological Study in China
title_short Geographical Association of Bird Species Richness with All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality Rates of Local Residents: An Ecological Study in China
title_sort geographical association of bird species richness with all cause and cause specific mortality rates of local residents an ecological study in china
topic biodiversity
bird species
mortality rate
human health
epidemiology
One Health
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/15/6/875
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