Design of Lattice-Based Energy-Absorbing Structure for Enhancing the Crashworthiness of Advanced Air Mobility
The development of advanced air mobility—an eco-friendly, next-generation transportation system—is underway and garners significant attention. Due to the novel propulsion concept of eVTOL (electric Vertical Take-Off and Landing) and its operation in low altitude, urban environment, regulations for c...
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MDPI AG
2025-04-01
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| author | Jaryong Cho Eun Suk Lee Jeong Ho Kim Chang-Yull Lee Jin Yeon Cho |
| author_facet | Jaryong Cho Eun Suk Lee Jeong Ho Kim Chang-Yull Lee Jin Yeon Cho |
| author_sort | Jaryong Cho |
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| description | The development of advanced air mobility—an eco-friendly, next-generation transportation system—is underway and garners significant attention. Due to the novel propulsion concept of eVTOL (electric Vertical Take-Off and Landing) and its operation in low altitude, urban environment, regulations for commercialization have not yet been established. Consequently, related research on passenger safety in emergency landings is ongoing, and this study focuses on enhancing the crashworthiness of advanced air mobility. To ensure the crashworthiness of advanced air mobility, civil airworthiness standards were referenced to determine the appropriate test conditions, and a design criterion for developing an energy-absorbing structure was derived. In this study, lattice structures are considered for designing an energy-absorbing structure that satisfies the design criterion, and finite element analysis is conducted to predict the performance of lattice structures. Based on the predicted data, surrogate models are constructed using the Kriging method according to the type of lattice structure. To verify the data obtained from numerical models, representative structures are manufactured using EBM (Electron Beam Melting) technology, and compressive tests are conducted to obtain the force–displacement curves. The test data are compared with the numerical data, and it is confirmed that the test data show good agreement with the numerical data. After this confirmation, the constructed surrogate models are utilized to select a lattice-based energy-absorbing structure that satisfies the crashworthiness-related design criterion. Finally, a crash simulation of a vertical drop test is carried out using the selected lattice structure, and results indicate that the resulting acceleration due to the collision is below the human tolerance limit, thereby verifying the crashworthiness of the energy-absorbing structure. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0883059a24124bbda1c2be0b8deedbdf |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2226-4310 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Aerospace |
| spelling | doaj-art-0883059a24124bbda1c2be0b8deedbdf2025-08-20T02:24:40ZengMDPI AGAerospace2226-43102025-04-0112433210.3390/aerospace12040332Design of Lattice-Based Energy-Absorbing Structure for Enhancing the Crashworthiness of Advanced Air MobilityJaryong Cho0Eun Suk Lee1Jeong Ho Kim2Chang-Yull Lee3Jin Yeon Cho4Program in Aerospace Systems Convergence, Department of Aerospace Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of KoreaProgram in Aerospace Systems Convergence, Department of Aerospace Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of KoreaProgram in Aerospace Systems Convergence, Department of Aerospace Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of KoreaProgram in Aerospace Systems Convergence, Department of Aerospace Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of KoreaProgram in Aerospace Systems Convergence, Department of Aerospace Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of KoreaThe development of advanced air mobility—an eco-friendly, next-generation transportation system—is underway and garners significant attention. Due to the novel propulsion concept of eVTOL (electric Vertical Take-Off and Landing) and its operation in low altitude, urban environment, regulations for commercialization have not yet been established. Consequently, related research on passenger safety in emergency landings is ongoing, and this study focuses on enhancing the crashworthiness of advanced air mobility. To ensure the crashworthiness of advanced air mobility, civil airworthiness standards were referenced to determine the appropriate test conditions, and a design criterion for developing an energy-absorbing structure was derived. In this study, lattice structures are considered for designing an energy-absorbing structure that satisfies the design criterion, and finite element analysis is conducted to predict the performance of lattice structures. Based on the predicted data, surrogate models are constructed using the Kriging method according to the type of lattice structure. To verify the data obtained from numerical models, representative structures are manufactured using EBM (Electron Beam Melting) technology, and compressive tests are conducted to obtain the force–displacement curves. The test data are compared with the numerical data, and it is confirmed that the test data show good agreement with the numerical data. After this confirmation, the constructed surrogate models are utilized to select a lattice-based energy-absorbing structure that satisfies the crashworthiness-related design criterion. Finally, a crash simulation of a vertical drop test is carried out using the selected lattice structure, and results indicate that the resulting acceleration due to the collision is below the human tolerance limit, thereby verifying the crashworthiness of the energy-absorbing structure.https://www.mdpi.com/2226-4310/12/4/332lattice structureenergy-absorbing structuremean crushing forceadvanced air mobilitysurrogate modelmetal additive manufacturing |
| spellingShingle | Jaryong Cho Eun Suk Lee Jeong Ho Kim Chang-Yull Lee Jin Yeon Cho Design of Lattice-Based Energy-Absorbing Structure for Enhancing the Crashworthiness of Advanced Air Mobility Aerospace lattice structure energy-absorbing structure mean crushing force advanced air mobility surrogate model metal additive manufacturing |
| title | Design of Lattice-Based Energy-Absorbing Structure for Enhancing the Crashworthiness of Advanced Air Mobility |
| title_full | Design of Lattice-Based Energy-Absorbing Structure for Enhancing the Crashworthiness of Advanced Air Mobility |
| title_fullStr | Design of Lattice-Based Energy-Absorbing Structure for Enhancing the Crashworthiness of Advanced Air Mobility |
| title_full_unstemmed | Design of Lattice-Based Energy-Absorbing Structure for Enhancing the Crashworthiness of Advanced Air Mobility |
| title_short | Design of Lattice-Based Energy-Absorbing Structure for Enhancing the Crashworthiness of Advanced Air Mobility |
| title_sort | design of lattice based energy absorbing structure for enhancing the crashworthiness of advanced air mobility |
| topic | lattice structure energy-absorbing structure mean crushing force advanced air mobility surrogate model metal additive manufacturing |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2226-4310/12/4/332 |
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