Skin Punch as a Potential Diagnostic Tool for Peripheral Neuropathies of Dogs: Set up of an Indirect Immunofluorescence Protocol on Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) Biopsy

In veterinary medicine, the diagnosis of peripheral neuropathies is currently performed using semithin sections or nerve fiber teasing from nerve biopsy. However, these methods actually fail to identify more specific length-dependent and somatosensitive neuropathies. In humans, skin punch biopsy is...

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Main Authors: Maria Teresa Mandara, Simona Arcaro, Ilaria Porcellato, Giuseppe Giglia
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Veterinary Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/12/4/291
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author Maria Teresa Mandara
Simona Arcaro
Ilaria Porcellato
Giuseppe Giglia
author_facet Maria Teresa Mandara
Simona Arcaro
Ilaria Porcellato
Giuseppe Giglia
author_sort Maria Teresa Mandara
collection DOAJ
description In veterinary medicine, the diagnosis of peripheral neuropathies is currently performed using semithin sections or nerve fiber teasing from nerve biopsy. However, these methods actually fail to identify more specific length-dependent and somatosensitive neuropathies. In humans, skin punch biopsy is used to diagnose the latter, through the identification and count of intraepidermal nerve fibers (IENFs) crossing the dermal–epidermal junction, with indirect immunofluorescence (IIF). However, the current need for frozen samples for this technique limits its routine application in clinical practice. In this study, we set up an IIF protocol to identify IENFs in dogs’ skin punch biopsies. Six tests were performed on canine formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) 8 mm skin punches, using an antibody anti-PGP9.5, also known as ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase-1. Three parameters were checked: (1) the effectiveness of the co-localization immunoreaction, (2) the thickness of sections, and (3) the magnification for image acquisition. The best IIF results in terms of the sharpness of fiber visualization and the possibility to count them were obtained with 10 µm sections, with a high-power field (×40), without co-localization for nuclei and epithelial structures. Reference data concerning the IENF density of different skin regions in healthy animals of different ages remain to be defined for future diagnostic applications.
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spelling doaj-art-087b166c3efd423b9676a33a8efa3b4d2025-08-20T02:25:08ZengMDPI AGVeterinary Sciences2306-73812025-03-0112429110.3390/vetsci12040291Skin Punch as a Potential Diagnostic Tool for Peripheral Neuropathies of Dogs: Set up of an Indirect Immunofluorescence Protocol on Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) BiopsyMaria Teresa Mandara0Simona Arcaro1Ilaria Porcellato2Giuseppe Giglia3Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, ItalyIn veterinary medicine, the diagnosis of peripheral neuropathies is currently performed using semithin sections or nerve fiber teasing from nerve biopsy. However, these methods actually fail to identify more specific length-dependent and somatosensitive neuropathies. In humans, skin punch biopsy is used to diagnose the latter, through the identification and count of intraepidermal nerve fibers (IENFs) crossing the dermal–epidermal junction, with indirect immunofluorescence (IIF). However, the current need for frozen samples for this technique limits its routine application in clinical practice. In this study, we set up an IIF protocol to identify IENFs in dogs’ skin punch biopsies. Six tests were performed on canine formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) 8 mm skin punches, using an antibody anti-PGP9.5, also known as ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase-1. Three parameters were checked: (1) the effectiveness of the co-localization immunoreaction, (2) the thickness of sections, and (3) the magnification for image acquisition. The best IIF results in terms of the sharpness of fiber visualization and the possibility to count them were obtained with 10 µm sections, with a high-power field (×40), without co-localization for nuclei and epithelial structures. Reference data concerning the IENF density of different skin regions in healthy animals of different ages remain to be defined for future diagnostic applications.https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/12/4/291dogimmunofluorescenceparaffin blockperipheral neuropathyskin biopsy
spellingShingle Maria Teresa Mandara
Simona Arcaro
Ilaria Porcellato
Giuseppe Giglia
Skin Punch as a Potential Diagnostic Tool for Peripheral Neuropathies of Dogs: Set up of an Indirect Immunofluorescence Protocol on Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) Biopsy
Veterinary Sciences
dog
immunofluorescence
paraffin block
peripheral neuropathy
skin biopsy
title Skin Punch as a Potential Diagnostic Tool for Peripheral Neuropathies of Dogs: Set up of an Indirect Immunofluorescence Protocol on Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) Biopsy
title_full Skin Punch as a Potential Diagnostic Tool for Peripheral Neuropathies of Dogs: Set up of an Indirect Immunofluorescence Protocol on Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) Biopsy
title_fullStr Skin Punch as a Potential Diagnostic Tool for Peripheral Neuropathies of Dogs: Set up of an Indirect Immunofluorescence Protocol on Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) Biopsy
title_full_unstemmed Skin Punch as a Potential Diagnostic Tool for Peripheral Neuropathies of Dogs: Set up of an Indirect Immunofluorescence Protocol on Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) Biopsy
title_short Skin Punch as a Potential Diagnostic Tool for Peripheral Neuropathies of Dogs: Set up of an Indirect Immunofluorescence Protocol on Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) Biopsy
title_sort skin punch as a potential diagnostic tool for peripheral neuropathies of dogs set up of an indirect immunofluorescence protocol on formalin fixed paraffin embedded ffpe biopsy
topic dog
immunofluorescence
paraffin block
peripheral neuropathy
skin biopsy
url https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/12/4/291
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