Hybrid regression method to predict forest variables from Earth observation data in boreal forests

Satellite remote sensing is essential for monitoring the boreal forest, the largest land biome on Earth. With the growing volume of Earth observation (EO) data and increasing demand for actionable information, more efficient and robust monitoring methods are needed. Machine learning-based approaches...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Eelis Halme, Matti Mõttus
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2025-12-01
Series:European Journal of Remote Sensing
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22797254.2025.2462032
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:Satellite remote sensing is essential for monitoring the boreal forest, the largest land biome on Earth. With the growing volume of Earth observation (EO) data and increasing demand for actionable information, more efficient and robust monitoring methods are needed. Machine learning-based approaches offer flexibility but rely on extensive training data, which can be generated with reflectance models. This study introduces a hybrid regression method, integrating the forest reflectance and transmittance model FRT with a random forest regressor. Using a representative dataset from Finland (24 081 plots), the method was trained to predict structural boreal forest variables: mean height, mean diameter at breast height (DBH) and basal area from EO data. The prediction performance was evaluated using three independent test areas, two from Finland and one from Sweden. In Finland, the most accurate predictions had root-mean-square errors of 3.6 m (19.1%) for height, 6.3 cm (27.3%) for DBH and 9.9 m2 ha−1 (31.6%) for basal area. In Sweden, low R2 values (< 0.1) indicated limitations in transferability. The results suggest that combining reflectance modelling with machine learning can advance environmental monitoring methodologies in the boreal forest but also demonstrate the challenges of applying these methods across different geographical regions.
ISSN:2279-7254