A Review of the Health Implications of Heavy Metals in Food Chain in Nigeria

Heavy metals such as Zn, Pb, Fe, and Cu are abundant in the environment and contribute largely to the sustainability and equilibrium of ecosystem processes. However, because of their bioaccumulation, nondegradability, and the excessive amounts in which they exist, these metals contaminate the food c...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Ugonna C. Nkwunonwo, Precious O. Odika, Nneka I. Onyia
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2020-01-01
Series:The Scientific World Journal
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6594109
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850238138411122688
author Ugonna C. Nkwunonwo
Precious O. Odika
Nneka I. Onyia
author_facet Ugonna C. Nkwunonwo
Precious O. Odika
Nneka I. Onyia
author_sort Ugonna C. Nkwunonwo
collection DOAJ
description Heavy metals such as Zn, Pb, Fe, and Cu are abundant in the environment and contribute largely to the sustainability and equilibrium of ecosystem processes. However, because of their bioaccumulation, nondegradability, and the excessive amounts in which they exist, these metals contaminate the food chain and subsequently become a source of toxicity to human beings and the entire ecological function. This is a major issue of concern within the study of environmental science and geochemistry. Although there is a global significance to the issue, it seems more immediate for the developing countries (DCs) such as Nigeria, where the pressure of the teeming population escalates the exigency for human sustainability, food security, and total eradication of hunger. Within the Nigerian context, many studies have examined this all-important issue, but most of these studies are fragmented and limited within the purview of mostly individual states and localities within the country. Taken on a wider geographical scale, the discussions and perspectives of these studies on heavy metal contamination of the food chain offer insufficient insight and expose merely a snapshot of the actual situation. As a result of this, a country-wide knowledge base of the implications of heavy metals on the food chain is lacking. Thus, the present study synthesises existing literature and their findings to create a knowledge base on the vulnerability of the food chain in Nigeria. Aquatic foods, fruits, vegetables, and major staple food such as tubers are the major host of carcinogenic and mutagenic components of heavy metals in Nigeria. This study motivates the Standard Organisation of Nigeria (SON), along with other food and agricultural agencies, to intensify their efforts in monitoring and analysing food components, and we advise consumers to eat with certain degrees of caveat.
format Article
id doaj-art-08778f652ba94a0ba435d8b897eb60a1
institution OA Journals
issn 2356-6140
1537-744X
language English
publishDate 2020-01-01
publisher Wiley
record_format Article
series The Scientific World Journal
spelling doaj-art-08778f652ba94a0ba435d8b897eb60a12025-08-20T02:01:34ZengWileyThe Scientific World Journal2356-61401537-744X2020-01-01202010.1155/2020/65941096594109A Review of the Health Implications of Heavy Metals in Food Chain in NigeriaUgonna C. Nkwunonwo0Precious O. Odika1Nneka I. Onyia2Department of Geoinformatics and Surveying, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nsukka, NigeriaDepartment of Geological Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, NigeriaFaculty of Environmental Sciences, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, NigeriaHeavy metals such as Zn, Pb, Fe, and Cu are abundant in the environment and contribute largely to the sustainability and equilibrium of ecosystem processes. However, because of their bioaccumulation, nondegradability, and the excessive amounts in which they exist, these metals contaminate the food chain and subsequently become a source of toxicity to human beings and the entire ecological function. This is a major issue of concern within the study of environmental science and geochemistry. Although there is a global significance to the issue, it seems more immediate for the developing countries (DCs) such as Nigeria, where the pressure of the teeming population escalates the exigency for human sustainability, food security, and total eradication of hunger. Within the Nigerian context, many studies have examined this all-important issue, but most of these studies are fragmented and limited within the purview of mostly individual states and localities within the country. Taken on a wider geographical scale, the discussions and perspectives of these studies on heavy metal contamination of the food chain offer insufficient insight and expose merely a snapshot of the actual situation. As a result of this, a country-wide knowledge base of the implications of heavy metals on the food chain is lacking. Thus, the present study synthesises existing literature and their findings to create a knowledge base on the vulnerability of the food chain in Nigeria. Aquatic foods, fruits, vegetables, and major staple food such as tubers are the major host of carcinogenic and mutagenic components of heavy metals in Nigeria. This study motivates the Standard Organisation of Nigeria (SON), along with other food and agricultural agencies, to intensify their efforts in monitoring and analysing food components, and we advise consumers to eat with certain degrees of caveat.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6594109
spellingShingle Ugonna C. Nkwunonwo
Precious O. Odika
Nneka I. Onyia
A Review of the Health Implications of Heavy Metals in Food Chain in Nigeria
The Scientific World Journal
title A Review of the Health Implications of Heavy Metals in Food Chain in Nigeria
title_full A Review of the Health Implications of Heavy Metals in Food Chain in Nigeria
title_fullStr A Review of the Health Implications of Heavy Metals in Food Chain in Nigeria
title_full_unstemmed A Review of the Health Implications of Heavy Metals in Food Chain in Nigeria
title_short A Review of the Health Implications of Heavy Metals in Food Chain in Nigeria
title_sort review of the health implications of heavy metals in food chain in nigeria
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6594109
work_keys_str_mv AT ugonnacnkwunonwo areviewofthehealthimplicationsofheavymetalsinfoodchaininnigeria
AT preciousoodika areviewofthehealthimplicationsofheavymetalsinfoodchaininnigeria
AT nnekaionyia areviewofthehealthimplicationsofheavymetalsinfoodchaininnigeria
AT ugonnacnkwunonwo reviewofthehealthimplicationsofheavymetalsinfoodchaininnigeria
AT preciousoodika reviewofthehealthimplicationsofheavymetalsinfoodchaininnigeria
AT nnekaionyia reviewofthehealthimplicationsofheavymetalsinfoodchaininnigeria