Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activity of Layers Enriched with Silver Nanoparticles on Orthodontic Microimplants
Orthodontic microimplants have revolutionized anchorage in orthodontics but remain vulnerable to microbial colonization, potentially leading to infection and failure. Surface modifications incorporating silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) offer antimicrobial benefits, providing long-term protection against...
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MDPI AG
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Journal of Functional Biomaterials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/16/3/78 |
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| author | Magdalena Sycińska-Dziarnowska Magdalena Ziąbka Katarzyna Cholewa-Kowalska Karolina Klesiewicz Gianrico Spagnuolo Steven J. Lindauer Hyo-Sang Park Krzysztof Woźniak |
| author_facet | Magdalena Sycińska-Dziarnowska Magdalena Ziąbka Katarzyna Cholewa-Kowalska Karolina Klesiewicz Gianrico Spagnuolo Steven J. Lindauer Hyo-Sang Park Krzysztof Woźniak |
| author_sort | Magdalena Sycińska-Dziarnowska |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Orthodontic microimplants have revolutionized anchorage in orthodontics but remain vulnerable to microbial colonization, potentially leading to infection and failure. Surface modifications incorporating silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) offer antimicrobial benefits, providing long-term protection against bacterial infections, while improving partial osseointegration. This study investigates hybrid coatings enriched with AgNPs, calcium (Ca), and phosphorus (P) to improve antimicrobial efficacy and reduce biofilm formation. Microimplants fabricated from the Ti6Al4V alloy were divided into six groups with varying surface treatments, including etching in hydrofluoric acid and hybrid layers containing 0.5 mol% AgNPs and CaP. Antibacterial activity was evaluated using agar diffusion and biofilm formation assays against <i>S. aureus</i>, <i>E. coli</i>, and <i>S. mutans</i>. Surface roughness was analyzed and correlated with biofilm formation. The model assessing the impact of biomaterials on <i>S. aureus</i> biofilm revealed a strong association (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.94), with biomaterial choice significantly influencing biofilm formation. The model for <i>E. coli</i> biofilm exhibited exceptional predictability (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.99). The model for <i>S. mutans</i> biofilm demonstrated an association (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.68). Hybrid coatings exhibited a promising antimicrobial activity. Biofilm formation was higher on microimplants with rougher surfaces. Hybrid coatings enriched with AgNPs and CaP enhance antimicrobial properties and partially reduce biofilm formation. It is suggested that the optimization of microimplant surface areas varies according to function. An enhanced performance can be achieved by maintaining a smooth surface for soft tissue contact, while incorporating a rough surface enriched with bactericidal and bioactive modifiers for bone contact areas. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-086a7e7f96b6496293440129fba7ef9a |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2079-4983 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Journal of Functional Biomaterials |
| spelling | doaj-art-086a7e7f96b6496293440129fba7ef9a2025-08-20T01:48:56ZengMDPI AGJournal of Functional Biomaterials2079-49832025-02-011637810.3390/jfb16030078Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activity of Layers Enriched with Silver Nanoparticles on Orthodontic MicroimplantsMagdalena Sycińska-Dziarnowska0Magdalena Ziąbka1Katarzyna Cholewa-Kowalska2Karolina Klesiewicz3Gianrico Spagnuolo4Steven J. Lindauer5Hyo-Sang Park6Krzysztof Woźniak7Department of Maxillofacial Orthopaedics and Orthodontics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Al. Powst. Wlkp. 72, 70111 Szczecin, PolandDepartment of Ceramics and Refractories, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Krakow, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30059 Krakow, PolandDepartment of Glass Technology and Amorphous Coatings, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Krakow, 30059 Krakow, PolandDepartment of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St., 30688 Krakow, PolandDepartment of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Napoli, ItalyDepartment of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23103, USADepartment of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Maxillofacial Orthopaedics and Orthodontics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Al. Powst. Wlkp. 72, 70111 Szczecin, PolandOrthodontic microimplants have revolutionized anchorage in orthodontics but remain vulnerable to microbial colonization, potentially leading to infection and failure. Surface modifications incorporating silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) offer antimicrobial benefits, providing long-term protection against bacterial infections, while improving partial osseointegration. This study investigates hybrid coatings enriched with AgNPs, calcium (Ca), and phosphorus (P) to improve antimicrobial efficacy and reduce biofilm formation. Microimplants fabricated from the Ti6Al4V alloy were divided into six groups with varying surface treatments, including etching in hydrofluoric acid and hybrid layers containing 0.5 mol% AgNPs and CaP. Antibacterial activity was evaluated using agar diffusion and biofilm formation assays against <i>S. aureus</i>, <i>E. coli</i>, and <i>S. mutans</i>. Surface roughness was analyzed and correlated with biofilm formation. The model assessing the impact of biomaterials on <i>S. aureus</i> biofilm revealed a strong association (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.94), with biomaterial choice significantly influencing biofilm formation. The model for <i>E. coli</i> biofilm exhibited exceptional predictability (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.99). The model for <i>S. mutans</i> biofilm demonstrated an association (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.68). Hybrid coatings exhibited a promising antimicrobial activity. Biofilm formation was higher on microimplants with rougher surfaces. Hybrid coatings enriched with AgNPs and CaP enhance antimicrobial properties and partially reduce biofilm formation. It is suggested that the optimization of microimplant surface areas varies according to function. An enhanced performance can be achieved by maintaining a smooth surface for soft tissue contact, while incorporating a rough surface enriched with bactericidal and bioactive modifiers for bone contact areas.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/16/3/78antibacterial functionbioactive coatingsorthodontic microimplantssilver nanoparticles |
| spellingShingle | Magdalena Sycińska-Dziarnowska Magdalena Ziąbka Katarzyna Cholewa-Kowalska Karolina Klesiewicz Gianrico Spagnuolo Steven J. Lindauer Hyo-Sang Park Krzysztof Woźniak Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activity of Layers Enriched with Silver Nanoparticles on Orthodontic Microimplants Journal of Functional Biomaterials antibacterial function bioactive coatings orthodontic microimplants silver nanoparticles |
| title | Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activity of Layers Enriched with Silver Nanoparticles on Orthodontic Microimplants |
| title_full | Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activity of Layers Enriched with Silver Nanoparticles on Orthodontic Microimplants |
| title_fullStr | Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activity of Layers Enriched with Silver Nanoparticles on Orthodontic Microimplants |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activity of Layers Enriched with Silver Nanoparticles on Orthodontic Microimplants |
| title_short | Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activity of Layers Enriched with Silver Nanoparticles on Orthodontic Microimplants |
| title_sort | antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of layers enriched with silver nanoparticles on orthodontic microimplants |
| topic | antibacterial function bioactive coatings orthodontic microimplants silver nanoparticles |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/16/3/78 |
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