Association between air pollution and osteoporosis: A systematic review
Background: Osteoporosis is a major worldwide health problem associated with lower bone mineral density (BMD) and higher fracture risk, which contributes to increased morbidity and healthcare costs. Meanwhile, some modifiable environmental factors affect bone health, including air pollution and smok...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
EDP Sciences
2025-01-01
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| Series: | BIO Web of Conferences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.bio-conferences.org/articles/bioconf/pdf/2025/06/bioconf_10thiccc_10004.pdf |
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| Summary: | Background: Osteoporosis is a major worldwide health problem associated with lower bone mineral density (BMD) and higher fracture risk, which contributes to increased morbidity and healthcare costs. Meanwhile, some modifiable environmental factors affect bone health, including air pollution and smoking. Objective: The current systematic review aims to summarize the available data regarding the impact of air pollution and smoking on osteoporosis. Methods: A systematic search of the observational studies published from 2000 to 2024 was performed in PubMed. ROBINS-I identified twenty-one studies based on the inclusion criteria and assessed the quality. Results: For exposure to particulate matter (PM2. 5, PM10), nitrogen oxides (NO₂) and smoking were associated with lower BMD and increased fracture risk. These mechanisms include oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, and heavy metal toxicity in women disproportionately, older adults and urban populations. Conclusion: Further public health efforts, such as regulating air quality imbalance and developing social willingness to quit smoking, shall be called upon to alleviate osteoporosis burdens and promote bone health worldwide. |
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| ISSN: | 2117-4458 |