Analytical Investigation of DNA Hybridization Sensing Using Integrated Photonic Micro-Ring Resonators

The study of infected biological cells is crucial in modern biomedical research. This work presents a passive sensing approach using optical resonators, designed to detect malignant diseases within a refractive index (RI) range of 1 to 1.5. A comprehensive theoretical analysis is conducted, yielding...

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Main Authors: Shalini Vardhan, Ritu Raj Singh
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Photonics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/12/3/216
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author Shalini Vardhan
Ritu Raj Singh
author_facet Shalini Vardhan
Ritu Raj Singh
author_sort Shalini Vardhan
collection DOAJ
description The study of infected biological cells is crucial in modern biomedical research. This work presents a passive sensing approach using optical resonators, designed to detect malignant diseases within a refractive index (RI) range of 1 to 1.5. A comprehensive theoretical analysis is conducted, yielding an expected limit of detection (LoD) ranging from 0.03 nm/RIU to 0.92 nm/RIU. Furthermore, an in-depth investigation of DNA hybridization is performed, incorporating a 1.8 nm linker layer at the analyte boundary. The refractive indices of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) are 1.456 and 1.529, respectively. The novelty of this work lies in the renaturation process of ssDNA to dsDNA, demonstrated through a labeled sensing modality with a measurable shift in the resonance wavelength spectrum. The proposed surface-functionalized resonators, designed using Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) technology, include (a) a Rectangular Waveguide-based Ring Resonator (RWRiR), (b) a Rectangular Waveguide-based Racetrack Resonator (RWRaR), (c) a Slot Waveguide-based Ring Resonator (SWRiR), and (d) a Slot Waveguide-based Racetrack Resonator (SWRaR). Among these, the SWRiR exhibits the best performance for DNA sensing, achieving a quality factor (Q-factor) of 2216.714, a sensitivity (S) of 54.282 nm/RIU, and a normalized sensitivity (S’) of 0.0349.
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spelling doaj-art-0848e6df444d49cea58ea3b08511a2052025-08-20T01:49:07ZengMDPI AGPhotonics2304-67322025-02-0112321610.3390/photonics12030216Analytical Investigation of DNA Hybridization Sensing Using Integrated Photonic Micro-Ring ResonatorsShalini Vardhan0Ritu Raj Singh1Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, New Delhi 110078, IndiaDepartment of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, New Delhi 110078, IndiaThe study of infected biological cells is crucial in modern biomedical research. This work presents a passive sensing approach using optical resonators, designed to detect malignant diseases within a refractive index (RI) range of 1 to 1.5. A comprehensive theoretical analysis is conducted, yielding an expected limit of detection (LoD) ranging from 0.03 nm/RIU to 0.92 nm/RIU. Furthermore, an in-depth investigation of DNA hybridization is performed, incorporating a 1.8 nm linker layer at the analyte boundary. The refractive indices of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) are 1.456 and 1.529, respectively. The novelty of this work lies in the renaturation process of ssDNA to dsDNA, demonstrated through a labeled sensing modality with a measurable shift in the resonance wavelength spectrum. The proposed surface-functionalized resonators, designed using Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) technology, include (a) a Rectangular Waveguide-based Ring Resonator (RWRiR), (b) a Rectangular Waveguide-based Racetrack Resonator (RWRaR), (c) a Slot Waveguide-based Ring Resonator (SWRiR), and (d) a Slot Waveguide-based Racetrack Resonator (SWRaR). Among these, the SWRiR exhibits the best performance for DNA sensing, achieving a quality factor (Q-factor) of 2216.714, a sensitivity (S) of 54.282 nm/RIU, and a normalized sensitivity (S’) of 0.0349.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/12/3/216integrated photonicsilicon photonicsoptical waveguidesSOI technologyDNA hybridizationring resonators
spellingShingle Shalini Vardhan
Ritu Raj Singh
Analytical Investigation of DNA Hybridization Sensing Using Integrated Photonic Micro-Ring Resonators
Photonics
integrated photonic
silicon photonics
optical waveguides
SOI technology
DNA hybridization
ring resonators
title Analytical Investigation of DNA Hybridization Sensing Using Integrated Photonic Micro-Ring Resonators
title_full Analytical Investigation of DNA Hybridization Sensing Using Integrated Photonic Micro-Ring Resonators
title_fullStr Analytical Investigation of DNA Hybridization Sensing Using Integrated Photonic Micro-Ring Resonators
title_full_unstemmed Analytical Investigation of DNA Hybridization Sensing Using Integrated Photonic Micro-Ring Resonators
title_short Analytical Investigation of DNA Hybridization Sensing Using Integrated Photonic Micro-Ring Resonators
title_sort analytical investigation of dna hybridization sensing using integrated photonic micro ring resonators
topic integrated photonic
silicon photonics
optical waveguides
SOI technology
DNA hybridization
ring resonators
url https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/12/3/216
work_keys_str_mv AT shalinivardhan analyticalinvestigationofdnahybridizationsensingusingintegratedphotonicmicroringresonators
AT riturajsingh analyticalinvestigationofdnahybridizationsensingusingintegratedphotonicmicroringresonators