Wide-Based Illumination and Detection in Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy for Enhanced Seizure Detection in Grey Matter
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a non-invasive method for monitoring brain activity by detecting hemodynamic changes. Studies have shown that it can identify ictal and pre-ictal hemodynamic variations, supporting its potential use as a complement to electroencephalography (EEG) in e...
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MDPI AG
2025-06-01
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| author | Netaniel Rein Revital Shechter Evgeny Tsizin Mordekhay Medvedovsky Michal Balberg |
| author_facet | Netaniel Rein Revital Shechter Evgeny Tsizin Mordekhay Medvedovsky Michal Balberg |
| author_sort | Netaniel Rein |
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| description | Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a non-invasive method for monitoring brain activity by detecting hemodynamic changes. Studies have shown that it can identify ictal and pre-ictal hemodynamic variations, supporting its potential use as a complement to electroencephalography (EEG) in epilepsy monitoring. This study explores an expanded illumination and detection approach utilizing wide-based optodes and increased emitter–detector separation (EDS) to enhance fNIRS sensitivity to cortical hemodynamic changes while minimizing scalp contamination. A Monte Carlo simulation was designed to assess signal amplitude and sensitivity of fNIRS with varying emitter and detector diameters (1–15 mm) and EDS (30–50 mm). Signal strength, grey matter to scalp path ratio (GSPR), and percentage signal change per absorption coefficients (AC) variation were analyzed. Sensitivity to changes in AC of superficial and deep grey matter (SGM, DGM) and scalp was assessed. Increasing emitter and detector diameters substantially increased total detected photon packet weights, enabling practical use at larger EDS. Sensitivity to SGM AC changes tripled at 50 mm EDS, while GSPR increased by 80%, indicating reduced signal contamination from the scalp. Sensitivity to deep cortical hemodynamic changes also improved. Therefore, wide-based fNIRS optodes with increased EDS can enhance seizure-related hemodynamic detection, potentially improving epilepsy diagnostics. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-08433984e2344b17a24247959248e3cf |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| spelling | doaj-art-08433984e2344b17a24247959248e3cf2025-08-20T02:21:47ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-06-012512362710.3390/s25123627Wide-Based Illumination and Detection in Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy for Enhanced Seizure Detection in Grey MatterNetaniel Rein0Revital Shechter1Evgeny Tsizin2Mordekhay Medvedovsky3Michal Balberg4Department of Neurology and Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah Medical Organization, Jerusalem 9112001, IsraelNeuro Electro Light Center (NELC)—The Joint Research Center of Hadassah Medical Organization and Holon Institute of Technology, Kalman Yaakov Man 2, Jerusalem P.O. Box 12000, IsraelDepartment of Neurology and Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah Medical Organization, Jerusalem 9112001, IsraelDepartment of Neurology and Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah Medical Organization, Jerusalem 9112001, IsraelNeuro Electro Light Center (NELC)—The Joint Research Center of Hadassah Medical Organization and Holon Institute of Technology, Kalman Yaakov Man 2, Jerusalem P.O. Box 12000, IsraelFunctional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a non-invasive method for monitoring brain activity by detecting hemodynamic changes. Studies have shown that it can identify ictal and pre-ictal hemodynamic variations, supporting its potential use as a complement to electroencephalography (EEG) in epilepsy monitoring. This study explores an expanded illumination and detection approach utilizing wide-based optodes and increased emitter–detector separation (EDS) to enhance fNIRS sensitivity to cortical hemodynamic changes while minimizing scalp contamination. A Monte Carlo simulation was designed to assess signal amplitude and sensitivity of fNIRS with varying emitter and detector diameters (1–15 mm) and EDS (30–50 mm). Signal strength, grey matter to scalp path ratio (GSPR), and percentage signal change per absorption coefficients (AC) variation were analyzed. Sensitivity to changes in AC of superficial and deep grey matter (SGM, DGM) and scalp was assessed. Increasing emitter and detector diameters substantially increased total detected photon packet weights, enabling practical use at larger EDS. Sensitivity to SGM AC changes tripled at 50 mm EDS, while GSPR increased by 80%, indicating reduced signal contamination from the scalp. Sensitivity to deep cortical hemodynamic changes also improved. Therefore, wide-based fNIRS optodes with increased EDS can enhance seizure-related hemodynamic detection, potentially improving epilepsy diagnostics.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/12/3627functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS)seizure detectiongrey matterEEG |
| spellingShingle | Netaniel Rein Revital Shechter Evgeny Tsizin Mordekhay Medvedovsky Michal Balberg Wide-Based Illumination and Detection in Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy for Enhanced Seizure Detection in Grey Matter Sensors functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) seizure detection grey matter EEG |
| title | Wide-Based Illumination and Detection in Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy for Enhanced Seizure Detection in Grey Matter |
| title_full | Wide-Based Illumination and Detection in Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy for Enhanced Seizure Detection in Grey Matter |
| title_fullStr | Wide-Based Illumination and Detection in Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy for Enhanced Seizure Detection in Grey Matter |
| title_full_unstemmed | Wide-Based Illumination and Detection in Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy for Enhanced Seizure Detection in Grey Matter |
| title_short | Wide-Based Illumination and Detection in Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy for Enhanced Seizure Detection in Grey Matter |
| title_sort | wide based illumination and detection in functional near infrared spectroscopy for enhanced seizure detection in grey matter |
| topic | functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) seizure detection grey matter EEG |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/12/3627 |
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