Continuous improvement towards environmental protection for pharmaceuticals: advancing a strategy for Europe

Abstract The manufacture, use and disposal of pharmaceutical products can lead to their release into the environment, raising concerns about potential risks to biota and human health. This is recognised in the European Commission’s Pharmaceutical Strategy for Europe, which has recently overseen the...

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Main Authors: Sam Harrison, Catherine Barnett, Stephen Short, Cansu Uluseker, Patricia V. Silva, Maria D. Pavlaki, Sarah Roberts, Madalena Vieira, Stephen Lofts, Susana Loureiro, David J. Spurgeon
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-07-01
Series:Environmental Sciences Europe
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12302-025-01180-z
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author Sam Harrison
Catherine Barnett
Stephen Short
Cansu Uluseker
Patricia V. Silva
Maria D. Pavlaki
Sarah Roberts
Madalena Vieira
Stephen Lofts
Susana Loureiro
David J. Spurgeon
author_facet Sam Harrison
Catherine Barnett
Stephen Short
Cansu Uluseker
Patricia V. Silva
Maria D. Pavlaki
Sarah Roberts
Madalena Vieira
Stephen Lofts
Susana Loureiro
David J. Spurgeon
author_sort Sam Harrison
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The manufacture, use and disposal of pharmaceutical products can lead to their release into the environment, raising concerns about potential risks to biota and human health. This is recognised in the European Commission’s Pharmaceutical Strategy for Europe, which has recently overseen the development of a proposed revision of current pharmaceutical legislation. Amongst other things, this strategy and revision broadly offer strengthened protection against environmental risk. For example, it enhances the power authorities have to refuse market authorisation where an identified risk to the environment cannot be sufficiently addressed, includes a requirement for legacy pharmaceutical products to be risk assessed, includes a broadened scope to cover the entire product lifecycle, and places a greater focus on open data. In this publication, we assess the proposed legislation against the latest scientific knowledge, identifying opportunities for strengthening the protection that it offers. These opportunities include moving towards the risk assessment of mixtures, broadening the scope of effects testing to include non-conventional (e.g., behavioural) and chronic endpoints, making better use of predictive modelling such as Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationships (QSARs), and better accounting for environmental heterogeneity, such as the influence of temperature and especially pH on risk. Many of the elements discussed apply not just to pharmaceuticals but across other chemical domains and regulatory regimes, particularly when considering mixture assessment. Integrating knowledge across sectors and regulatory regimes is therefore crucial to better address the role of pharmaceuticals as one of many environmental pollutants.
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spelling doaj-art-0822e07cbd9f44cfa714aad7aa2047bc2025-08-20T03:04:31ZengSpringerOpenEnvironmental Sciences Europe2190-47152025-07-0137112110.1186/s12302-025-01180-zContinuous improvement towards environmental protection for pharmaceuticals: advancing a strategy for EuropeSam Harrison0Catherine Barnett1Stephen Short2Cansu Uluseker3Patricia V. Silva4Maria D. Pavlaki5Sarah Roberts6Madalena Vieira7Stephen Lofts8Susana Loureiro9David J. Spurgeon10UK Centre for Ecology & HydrologyUK Centre for Ecology & HydrologyUK Centre for Ecology & HydrologyUK Centre for Ecology & HydrologyCESAM- Centre of Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, University of AveiroCESAM- Centre of Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, University of AveiroUK Centre for Ecology & HydrologyCESAM- Centre of Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, University of AveiroUK Centre for Ecology & HydrologyCESAM- Centre of Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, University of AveiroUK Centre for Ecology & HydrologyAbstract The manufacture, use and disposal of pharmaceutical products can lead to their release into the environment, raising concerns about potential risks to biota and human health. This is recognised in the European Commission’s Pharmaceutical Strategy for Europe, which has recently overseen the development of a proposed revision of current pharmaceutical legislation. Amongst other things, this strategy and revision broadly offer strengthened protection against environmental risk. For example, it enhances the power authorities have to refuse market authorisation where an identified risk to the environment cannot be sufficiently addressed, includes a requirement for legacy pharmaceutical products to be risk assessed, includes a broadened scope to cover the entire product lifecycle, and places a greater focus on open data. In this publication, we assess the proposed legislation against the latest scientific knowledge, identifying opportunities for strengthening the protection that it offers. These opportunities include moving towards the risk assessment of mixtures, broadening the scope of effects testing to include non-conventional (e.g., behavioural) and chronic endpoints, making better use of predictive modelling such as Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationships (QSARs), and better accounting for environmental heterogeneity, such as the influence of temperature and especially pH on risk. Many of the elements discussed apply not just to pharmaceuticals but across other chemical domains and regulatory regimes, particularly when considering mixture assessment. Integrating knowledge across sectors and regulatory regimes is therefore crucial to better address the role of pharmaceuticals as one of many environmental pollutants.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12302-025-01180-zPharmaceuticalsEnvironmental risk assessmentPharmaceutical legislationEcotoxicityEnvironmental exposure
spellingShingle Sam Harrison
Catherine Barnett
Stephen Short
Cansu Uluseker
Patricia V. Silva
Maria D. Pavlaki
Sarah Roberts
Madalena Vieira
Stephen Lofts
Susana Loureiro
David J. Spurgeon
Continuous improvement towards environmental protection for pharmaceuticals: advancing a strategy for Europe
Environmental Sciences Europe
Pharmaceuticals
Environmental risk assessment
Pharmaceutical legislation
Ecotoxicity
Environmental exposure
title Continuous improvement towards environmental protection for pharmaceuticals: advancing a strategy for Europe
title_full Continuous improvement towards environmental protection for pharmaceuticals: advancing a strategy for Europe
title_fullStr Continuous improvement towards environmental protection for pharmaceuticals: advancing a strategy for Europe
title_full_unstemmed Continuous improvement towards environmental protection for pharmaceuticals: advancing a strategy for Europe
title_short Continuous improvement towards environmental protection for pharmaceuticals: advancing a strategy for Europe
title_sort continuous improvement towards environmental protection for pharmaceuticals advancing a strategy for europe
topic Pharmaceuticals
Environmental risk assessment
Pharmaceutical legislation
Ecotoxicity
Environmental exposure
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12302-025-01180-z
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