Bayesian methods for estimating injury rates in sport injury epidemiology

Abstract Background The injury rate is a common measure of injury occurrence in epidemiological surveillance and is used to express the incidence of injuries as a function of both the population at risk as well as at-risk exposure time. Traditional approaches to surveillance-based injury rates use a...

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Main Authors: Avinash Chandran, Ben Lambert
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-06-01
Series:Injury Epidemiology
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40621-025-00583-z
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author Avinash Chandran
Ben Lambert
author_facet Avinash Chandran
Ben Lambert
author_sort Avinash Chandran
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background The injury rate is a common measure of injury occurrence in epidemiological surveillance and is used to express the incidence of injuries as a function of both the population at risk as well as at-risk exposure time. Traditional approaches to surveillance-based injury rates use a frequentist perspective; here, we discuss the Bayesian perspective and present a practical framework on how to apply a Bayesian analysis to estimate injury rates. We estimated finescale injury rates across a broad range of categories for men’s and women’s soccer, applying a Bayesian methodology and using injury surveillance data captured within the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program from 2014/15–2018/19. Results Through an iterative process of assessing model fidelity, we found that a negative binomial model was an effective choice for modeling surveillance-based injury rates. We also found differences between schools to be a key driver of variation in injury rates. Conclusions Our findings indicate that the Bayesian framework naturally characterizes injury rates by modeling injury counts as outcomes of an underlying data-generation process that explicitly incorporates inherent uncertainty, complementing traditional frequentist approaches. Key benefits of the Bayesian approach in this context are the ability to test model suitability in a variety of methods, and to be able to generate plausible estimates with sparse data.
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spelling doaj-art-081b13ba352e47e09e081a595e2deb642025-08-20T02:30:49ZengBMCInjury Epidemiology2197-17142025-06-0112111010.1186/s40621-025-00583-zBayesian methods for estimating injury rates in sport injury epidemiologyAvinash Chandran0Ben Lambert1Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and PreventionDepartment of Statistics, Oxford UniversityAbstract Background The injury rate is a common measure of injury occurrence in epidemiological surveillance and is used to express the incidence of injuries as a function of both the population at risk as well as at-risk exposure time. Traditional approaches to surveillance-based injury rates use a frequentist perspective; here, we discuss the Bayesian perspective and present a practical framework on how to apply a Bayesian analysis to estimate injury rates. We estimated finescale injury rates across a broad range of categories for men’s and women’s soccer, applying a Bayesian methodology and using injury surveillance data captured within the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program from 2014/15–2018/19. Results Through an iterative process of assessing model fidelity, we found that a negative binomial model was an effective choice for modeling surveillance-based injury rates. We also found differences between schools to be a key driver of variation in injury rates. Conclusions Our findings indicate that the Bayesian framework naturally characterizes injury rates by modeling injury counts as outcomes of an underlying data-generation process that explicitly incorporates inherent uncertainty, complementing traditional frequentist approaches. Key benefits of the Bayesian approach in this context are the ability to test model suitability in a variety of methods, and to be able to generate plausible estimates with sparse data.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40621-025-00583-z
spellingShingle Avinash Chandran
Ben Lambert
Bayesian methods for estimating injury rates in sport injury epidemiology
Injury Epidemiology
title Bayesian methods for estimating injury rates in sport injury epidemiology
title_full Bayesian methods for estimating injury rates in sport injury epidemiology
title_fullStr Bayesian methods for estimating injury rates in sport injury epidemiology
title_full_unstemmed Bayesian methods for estimating injury rates in sport injury epidemiology
title_short Bayesian methods for estimating injury rates in sport injury epidemiology
title_sort bayesian methods for estimating injury rates in sport injury epidemiology
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s40621-025-00583-z
work_keys_str_mv AT avinashchandran bayesianmethodsforestimatinginjuryratesinsportinjuryepidemiology
AT benlambert bayesianmethodsforestimatinginjuryratesinsportinjuryepidemiology