Contribution of malnutrition to infant and child deaths in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia
Introduction Malnutrition contributes to 45% of all childhood deaths globally, but these modelled estimates lack direct measurements in countries with high malnutrition and under-5 mortality rates. We investigated malnutrition’s role in infant and child deaths in the Child Health and Mortality Preve...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMJ Publishing Group
2024-12-01
|
| Series: | BMJ Global Health |
| Online Access: | https://gh.bmj.com/content/9/12/e017262.full |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850063973963005952 |
|---|---|
| author | Khatia Munguambe Quique Bassat Mahbubur Rahman Sibone Mocumbi Cynthia G Whitney Amy Wise Shams El Arifeen Meerjady Sabrina Flora Soter Ameh Emily S Gurley Mustafizur Rahman Ariel Nhacolo Cheick Bougadari Traore Inacio Mandomando Clara Menendez Janet Agaya Jane Juma Shabir A Madhi Tadesse Gure George Aol Hennie Lombaard Ziyaad Dangor James Bunn Samba O Sow Amara Jambai Dickson Gethi Sanwarul Bari Natalia Rakislova Tacilta Nhampossa Maria Maixenchs Mohammed Kamal Joseph Oundo Lola Madrid Tahmina Shirin Ikechukwu Udo Ogbuanu Addisu Alemu Hailemariam Legesse Awa Traore Portia C Mutevedzi Helina Heluf Victor Akelo Dickens Onyango Richard Omore Yasmin Adam Peter Otieno Margaret Mannah Karen L Kotloff Milagritos D Tapia Rima Koka Mohammad Zahid Hossain Dickens Kowuor Tom Sesay James Squire Francis Moses Kitiezo Aggrey Igunza Andrew Moseray Afruna Rahman Nana Kourouma Seydou Sissoko Rosauro Varo Sana Mahtab Martin Hale Jeanie du Toit Zachary J Madewell Dianna M Blau Fatima Solomon Gillian Sorour Jeannette Wadula Karen Petersen Sanjay G Lala Sithembiso Velaphi Richard Chawana Nellie Myburgh Shahana Parveen Mahbubul Hoque Saria Tasnim Ferdousi Islam Farida Ariuman Mohammad Mosiur Rahman Dilruba Ahmed Fikremelekot Temesgen Melisachew Mulatu Yeshi Mahlet Abayneh Gizaw Stian MS Orlien Solomon Ali Peter Nyamthimba Onyango Richard Oliech Joyce Akinyi Were Thomas Misore Harun Owuor Christopher Muga Christine Ochola Ashka Mehta Brigitte Gaume Adama Mamby Keita Diakaridia Kone Diakaridia Sidibe Doh Sanogo Kounandji Diarra Tiéman Diarra Kiranpreet Chawla Zara Manhique Fatmata Bintu Tarawally Martin Seppeh Ronald Mash Julius Ojulong Babatunde Duduyemi Alim Swaray-Deen Okokon Ita Cornell Chukwuegbo Sulaiman Sannoh Princewill Nwajiobi Erick Kaluma Oluseyi Balogun Carrie Jo Cain Solomon Samura Samuel Pratt Joseph Kamanda Sesay Osman Kaykay Binyam Halu Francis Smart Sartie Kenneh Ferdousi Begum Priya Mehta-Gupta Das Ogony Benard Oluoch Caleb K Sagam Ronita Luke Milton Kincardett Elisio G Xerinda Markus Roos Breines Ketema Degefa J. Anthony G Scott Kazi Munisul Islam Parminder S Suchdev Nelesh P. Govender Peter J. Swart Nawshad Uddin Ahmed Alexander M. Ibrahim Sharon M. Tennant Carol L. Greene J. Kristie Johnson Karen D. Fairchild Uma U. Onwuchekwa Joseph Bangura |
| author_facet | Khatia Munguambe Quique Bassat Mahbubur Rahman Sibone Mocumbi Cynthia G Whitney Amy Wise Shams El Arifeen Meerjady Sabrina Flora Soter Ameh Emily S Gurley Mustafizur Rahman Ariel Nhacolo Cheick Bougadari Traore Inacio Mandomando Clara Menendez Janet Agaya Jane Juma Shabir A Madhi Tadesse Gure George Aol Hennie Lombaard Ziyaad Dangor James Bunn Samba O Sow Amara Jambai Dickson Gethi Sanwarul Bari Natalia Rakislova Tacilta Nhampossa Maria Maixenchs Mohammed Kamal Joseph Oundo Lola Madrid Tahmina Shirin Ikechukwu Udo Ogbuanu Addisu Alemu Hailemariam Legesse Awa Traore Portia C Mutevedzi Helina Heluf Victor Akelo Dickens Onyango Richard Omore Yasmin Adam Peter Otieno Margaret Mannah Karen L Kotloff Milagritos D Tapia Rima Koka Mohammad Zahid Hossain Dickens Kowuor Tom Sesay James Squire Francis Moses Kitiezo Aggrey Igunza Andrew Moseray Afruna Rahman Nana Kourouma Seydou Sissoko Rosauro Varo Sana Mahtab Martin Hale Jeanie du Toit Zachary J Madewell Dianna M Blau Fatima Solomon Gillian Sorour Jeannette Wadula Karen Petersen Sanjay G Lala Sithembiso Velaphi Richard Chawana Nellie Myburgh Shahana Parveen Mahbubul Hoque Saria Tasnim Ferdousi Islam Farida Ariuman Mohammad Mosiur Rahman Dilruba Ahmed Fikremelekot Temesgen Melisachew Mulatu Yeshi Mahlet Abayneh Gizaw Stian MS Orlien Solomon Ali Peter Nyamthimba Onyango Richard Oliech Joyce Akinyi Were Thomas Misore Harun Owuor Christopher Muga Christine Ochola Ashka Mehta Brigitte Gaume Adama Mamby Keita Diakaridia Kone Diakaridia Sidibe Doh Sanogo Kounandji Diarra Tiéman Diarra Kiranpreet Chawla Zara Manhique Fatmata Bintu Tarawally Martin Seppeh Ronald Mash Julius Ojulong Babatunde Duduyemi Alim Swaray-Deen Okokon Ita Cornell Chukwuegbo Sulaiman Sannoh Princewill Nwajiobi Erick Kaluma Oluseyi Balogun Carrie Jo Cain Solomon Samura Samuel Pratt Joseph Kamanda Sesay Osman Kaykay Binyam Halu Francis Smart Sartie Kenneh Ferdousi Begum Priya Mehta-Gupta Das Ogony Benard Oluoch Caleb K Sagam Ronita Luke Milton Kincardett Elisio G Xerinda Markus Roos Breines Ketema Degefa J. Anthony G Scott Kazi Munisul Islam Parminder S Suchdev Nelesh P. Govender Peter J. Swart Nawshad Uddin Ahmed Alexander M. Ibrahim Sharon M. Tennant Carol L. Greene J. Kristie Johnson Karen D. Fairchild Uma U. Onwuchekwa Joseph Bangura |
| author_sort | Khatia Munguambe |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction Malnutrition contributes to 45% of all childhood deaths globally, but these modelled estimates lack direct measurements in countries with high malnutrition and under-5 mortality rates. We investigated malnutrition’s role in infant and child deaths in the Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS) network.Methods We analysed CHAMPS data from seven sites (Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Kenya, Mali, Mozambique, Sierra Leone and South Africa) collected between 2016 and 2023. An expert panel assessed each death to determine whether malnutrition was an underlying, antecedent or immediate cause or other significant condition. Malnutrition was further classified based on postmortem anthropometry using WHO growth standards for underweight (z-scores for weight-for-age <−2), stunting (length-for-age <−2), and wasting (weight-for-length or MUAC Z-scores <−2).Results Of 1601 infant and child deaths, malnutrition was considered a causal or significant condition in 632 (39.5%) cases, including 85 (13.4%) with HIV infection. Postmortem measurements indicated 90.1%, 61.2% and 94.1% of these cases were underweight, stunted and wasted, respectively. Most malnutrition-related deaths (n=632) had an infectious cause (89.1%). The adjusted odds of having malnutrition as causal or significant condition were 2.4 (95% CI 1.7 to 3.2) times higher for deaths involving infectious diseases compared with other causes. Common pathogens in the causal pathway for malnutrition-related deaths included Klebsiella pneumoniae (30.4%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (21.5%), Plasmodium falciparum (18.7%) and Escherichia coli/Shigella (17.2%).Conclusion Malnutrition was identified as a causal or significant factor in 39.5% of under-5 deaths in the CHAMPS network, often in combination with infectious diseases. These findings highlight the need for integrated interventions addressing both malnutrition and infectious diseases to effectively reduce under-5 mortality. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-080ae47446d94bdfba6536fa9e658e9e |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2059-7908 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | BMJ Publishing Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMJ Global Health |
| spelling | doaj-art-080ae47446d94bdfba6536fa9e658e9e2025-08-20T02:49:26ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Global Health2059-79082024-12-0191210.1136/bmjgh-2024-017262Contribution of malnutrition to infant and child deaths in Sub-Saharan Africa and South AsiaKhatia MunguambeQuique Bassat0Mahbubur RahmanSibone MocumbiCynthia G Whitney1Amy WiseShams El Arifeen2Meerjady Sabrina FloraSoter AmehEmily S Gurley3Mustafizur RahmanAriel NhacoloCheick Bougadari TraoreInacio Mandomando4Clara MenendezJanet AgayaJane JumaShabir A Madhi5Tadesse GureGeorge AolHennie LombaardZiyaad Dangor6James BunnSamba O Sow7Amara JambaiDickson GethiSanwarul BariNatalia Rakislova8Tacilta NhampossaMaria MaixenchsMohammed KamalJoseph OundoLola Madrid9Tahmina ShirinIkechukwu Udo Ogbuanu10Addisu AlemuHailemariam LegesseAwa TraorePortia C Mutevedzi11Helina Heluf12Victor Akelo13Dickens Onyango14Richard Omore15Yasmin AdamPeter OtienoMargaret MannahKaren L Kotloff16Milagritos D Tapia17Rima KokaMohammad Zahid Hossain18Dickens KowuorTom SesayJames SquireFrancis MosesKitiezo Aggrey IgunzaAndrew MoserayAfruna Rahman19Nana KouroumaSeydou SissokoRosauro Varo20Sana Mahtab21Martin HaleJeanie du Toit22Zachary J Madewell23Dianna M Blau24Fatima SolomonGillian SorourJeannette WadulaKaren PetersenSanjay G Lala25Sithembiso VelaphiRichard ChawanaNellie MyburghShahana ParveenMahbubul HoqueSaria TasnimFerdousi IslamFarida AriumanMohammad Mosiur RahmanDilruba AhmedFikremelekot TemesgenMelisachew Mulatu YeshiMahlet Abayneh GizawStian MS OrlienSolomon AliPeter Nyamthimba OnyangoRichard OliechJoyce Akinyi WereThomas MisoreHarun OwuorChristopher MugaChristine OcholaAshka Mehta26Brigitte GaumeAdama Mamby Keita27Diakaridia KoneDiakaridia SidibeDoh SanogoKounandji DiarraTiéman DiarraKiranpreet ChawlaZara ManhiqueFatmata Bintu TarawallyMartin SeppehRonald MashJulius OjulongBabatunde DuduyemiAlim Swaray-DeenOkokon ItaCornell Chukwuegbo28Sulaiman SannohPrincewill NwajiobiErick Kaluma29Oluseyi BalogunCarrie Jo Cain30Solomon SamuraSamuel PrattJoseph Kamanda SesayOsman KaykayBinyam HaluFrancis SmartSartie KennehFerdousi BegumPriya Mehta-Gupta Das31Ogony Benard Oluoch32Caleb K Sagam33Ronita Luke34Milton Kincardett35Elisio G Xerinda36Markus Roos Breines37Ketema Degefa38J. Anthony G Scott39Kazi Munisul Islam40Parminder S Suchdev41Nelesh P. GovenderPeter J. SwartNawshad Uddin AhmedAlexander M. IbrahimSharon M. TennantCarol L. GreeneJ. Kristie JohnsonKaren D. FairchildUma U. OnwuchekwaJoseph Bangura12 ISGlobal–Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain25 Emory Global Health Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA23 International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh23 International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh12 ISGlobal–Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain18 South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa18 South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa2 Centre pour le Développement des Vaccins, Ministère de la Santé, Bamako, Mali12 ISGlobal–Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain21 Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK10 Crown Agents, Freetown, Sierra Leone25 Emory Global Health Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA22 College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia5 US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Kisumu, Kenya7 Kisumu County Department of Health, Kisumu, Nyanza, Kenya6 Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Nairobi County, Kenya4 Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA4 Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA23 International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh23 International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh12 ISGlobal–Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain18 South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa18 South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa1 Global Health Center, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA1 Global Health Center, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA19 Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa4 Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA2 Centre pour le Développement des Vaccins, Ministère de la Santé, Bamako, Mali9 Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia, Nigeria10 Crown Agents, Freetown, Sierra Leone8 World Hope International, Freetown, Sierra Leone3 Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA6 Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Nairobi County, Kenya6 Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Nairobi County, Kenya11 Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone13 Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça–CISM, Manhica, Maputo, Mozambique13 Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça–CISM, Manhica, Maputo, Mozambique21 Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK22 College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia6 Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Nairobi County, Kenya23 International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh1 Global Health Center, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USAIntroduction Malnutrition contributes to 45% of all childhood deaths globally, but these modelled estimates lack direct measurements in countries with high malnutrition and under-5 mortality rates. We investigated malnutrition’s role in infant and child deaths in the Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS) network.Methods We analysed CHAMPS data from seven sites (Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Kenya, Mali, Mozambique, Sierra Leone and South Africa) collected between 2016 and 2023. An expert panel assessed each death to determine whether malnutrition was an underlying, antecedent or immediate cause or other significant condition. Malnutrition was further classified based on postmortem anthropometry using WHO growth standards for underweight (z-scores for weight-for-age <−2), stunting (length-for-age <−2), and wasting (weight-for-length or MUAC Z-scores <−2).Results Of 1601 infant and child deaths, malnutrition was considered a causal or significant condition in 632 (39.5%) cases, including 85 (13.4%) with HIV infection. Postmortem measurements indicated 90.1%, 61.2% and 94.1% of these cases were underweight, stunted and wasted, respectively. Most malnutrition-related deaths (n=632) had an infectious cause (89.1%). The adjusted odds of having malnutrition as causal or significant condition were 2.4 (95% CI 1.7 to 3.2) times higher for deaths involving infectious diseases compared with other causes. Common pathogens in the causal pathway for malnutrition-related deaths included Klebsiella pneumoniae (30.4%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (21.5%), Plasmodium falciparum (18.7%) and Escherichia coli/Shigella (17.2%).Conclusion Malnutrition was identified as a causal or significant factor in 39.5% of under-5 deaths in the CHAMPS network, often in combination with infectious diseases. These findings highlight the need for integrated interventions addressing both malnutrition and infectious diseases to effectively reduce under-5 mortality.https://gh.bmj.com/content/9/12/e017262.full |
| spellingShingle | Khatia Munguambe Quique Bassat Mahbubur Rahman Sibone Mocumbi Cynthia G Whitney Amy Wise Shams El Arifeen Meerjady Sabrina Flora Soter Ameh Emily S Gurley Mustafizur Rahman Ariel Nhacolo Cheick Bougadari Traore Inacio Mandomando Clara Menendez Janet Agaya Jane Juma Shabir A Madhi Tadesse Gure George Aol Hennie Lombaard Ziyaad Dangor James Bunn Samba O Sow Amara Jambai Dickson Gethi Sanwarul Bari Natalia Rakislova Tacilta Nhampossa Maria Maixenchs Mohammed Kamal Joseph Oundo Lola Madrid Tahmina Shirin Ikechukwu Udo Ogbuanu Addisu Alemu Hailemariam Legesse Awa Traore Portia C Mutevedzi Helina Heluf Victor Akelo Dickens Onyango Richard Omore Yasmin Adam Peter Otieno Margaret Mannah Karen L Kotloff Milagritos D Tapia Rima Koka Mohammad Zahid Hossain Dickens Kowuor Tom Sesay James Squire Francis Moses Kitiezo Aggrey Igunza Andrew Moseray Afruna Rahman Nana Kourouma Seydou Sissoko Rosauro Varo Sana Mahtab Martin Hale Jeanie du Toit Zachary J Madewell Dianna M Blau Fatima Solomon Gillian Sorour Jeannette Wadula Karen Petersen Sanjay G Lala Sithembiso Velaphi Richard Chawana Nellie Myburgh Shahana Parveen Mahbubul Hoque Saria Tasnim Ferdousi Islam Farida Ariuman Mohammad Mosiur Rahman Dilruba Ahmed Fikremelekot Temesgen Melisachew Mulatu Yeshi Mahlet Abayneh Gizaw Stian MS Orlien Solomon Ali Peter Nyamthimba Onyango Richard Oliech Joyce Akinyi Were Thomas Misore Harun Owuor Christopher Muga Christine Ochola Ashka Mehta Brigitte Gaume Adama Mamby Keita Diakaridia Kone Diakaridia Sidibe Doh Sanogo Kounandji Diarra Tiéman Diarra Kiranpreet Chawla Zara Manhique Fatmata Bintu Tarawally Martin Seppeh Ronald Mash Julius Ojulong Babatunde Duduyemi Alim Swaray-Deen Okokon Ita Cornell Chukwuegbo Sulaiman Sannoh Princewill Nwajiobi Erick Kaluma Oluseyi Balogun Carrie Jo Cain Solomon Samura Samuel Pratt Joseph Kamanda Sesay Osman Kaykay Binyam Halu Francis Smart Sartie Kenneh Ferdousi Begum Priya Mehta-Gupta Das Ogony Benard Oluoch Caleb K Sagam Ronita Luke Milton Kincardett Elisio G Xerinda Markus Roos Breines Ketema Degefa J. Anthony G Scott Kazi Munisul Islam Parminder S Suchdev Nelesh P. Govender Peter J. Swart Nawshad Uddin Ahmed Alexander M. Ibrahim Sharon M. Tennant Carol L. Greene J. Kristie Johnson Karen D. Fairchild Uma U. Onwuchekwa Joseph Bangura Contribution of malnutrition to infant and child deaths in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia BMJ Global Health |
| title | Contribution of malnutrition to infant and child deaths in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia |
| title_full | Contribution of malnutrition to infant and child deaths in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia |
| title_fullStr | Contribution of malnutrition to infant and child deaths in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Contribution of malnutrition to infant and child deaths in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia |
| title_short | Contribution of malnutrition to infant and child deaths in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia |
| title_sort | contribution of malnutrition to infant and child deaths in sub saharan africa and south asia |
| url | https://gh.bmj.com/content/9/12/e017262.full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT khatiamunguambe contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT quiquebassat contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT mahbuburrahman contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT sibonemocumbi contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT cynthiagwhitney contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT amywise contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT shamselarifeen contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT meerjadysabrinaflora contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT soterameh contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT emilysgurley contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT mustafizurrahman contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT arielnhacolo contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT cheickbougadaritraore contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT inaciomandomando contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT claramenendez contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT janetagaya contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT janejuma contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT shabiramadhi contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT tadessegure contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT georgeaol contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT hennielombaard contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT ziyaaddangor contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT jamesbunn contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT sambaosow contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT amarajambai contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT dicksongethi contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT sanwarulbari contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT nataliarakislova contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT taciltanhampossa contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT mariamaixenchs contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT mohammedkamal contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT josephoundo contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT lolamadrid contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT tahminashirin contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT ikechukwuudoogbuanu contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT addisualemu contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT hailemariamlegesse contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT awatraore contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT portiacmutevedzi contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT helinaheluf contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT victorakelo contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT dickensonyango contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT richardomore contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT yasminadam contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT peterotieno contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT margaretmannah contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT karenlkotloff contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT milagritosdtapia contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT rimakoka contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT mohammadzahidhossain contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT dickenskowuor contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT tomsesay contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT jamessquire contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT francismoses contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT kitiezoaggreyigunza contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT andrewmoseray contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT afrunarahman contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT nanakourouma contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT seydousissoko contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT rosaurovaro contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT sanamahtab contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT martinhale contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT jeaniedutoit contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT zacharyjmadewell contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT diannamblau contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT fatimasolomon contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT gilliansorour contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT jeannettewadula contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT karenpetersen contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT sanjayglala contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT sithembisovelaphi contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT richardchawana contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT nelliemyburgh contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT shahanaparveen contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT mahbubulhoque contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT sariatasnim contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT ferdousiislam contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT faridaariuman contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT mohammadmosiurrahman contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT dilrubaahmed contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT fikremelekottemesgen contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT melisachewmulatuyeshi contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT mahletabaynehgizaw contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT stianmsorlien contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT solomonali contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT peternyamthimbaonyango contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT richardoliech contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT joyceakinyiwere contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT thomasmisore contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT harunowuor contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT christophermuga contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT christineochola contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT ashkamehta contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT brigittegaume contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT adamamambykeita contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT diakaridiakone contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT diakaridiasidibe contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT dohsanogo contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT kounandjidiarra contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT tiemandiarra contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT kiranpreetchawla contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT zaramanhique contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT fatmatabintutarawally contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT martinseppeh contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT ronaldmash contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT juliusojulong contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT babatundeduduyemi contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT alimswaraydeen contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT okokonita contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT cornellchukwuegbo contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT sulaimansannoh contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT princewillnwajiobi contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT erickkaluma contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT oluseyibalogun contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT carriejocain contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT solomonsamura contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT samuelpratt contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT josephkamandasesay contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT osmankaykay contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT binyamhalu contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT francissmart contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT sartiekenneh contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT ferdousibegum contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT priyamehtaguptadas contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT ogonybenardoluoch contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT calebksagam contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT ronitaluke contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT miltonkincardett contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT elisiogxerinda contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT markusroosbreines contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT ketemadegefa contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT janthonygscott contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT kazimunisulislam contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT parminderssuchdev contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT neleshpgovender contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT peterjswart contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT nawshaduddinahmed contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT alexandermibrahim contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT sharonmtennant contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT carollgreene contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT jkristiejohnson contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT karendfairchild contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT umauonwuchekwa contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia AT josephbangura contributionofmalnutritiontoinfantandchilddeathsinsubsaharanafricaandsouthasia |