Effects of anthropogenic noise on marine mammal abundances informed by mixed methods

Abstract This mixed-methods study examined the decline of a Harbor Seal (Phoca vitulina) colony’s abundance in Pacific Grove, California, USA, documented by community scientists. We combined generalized additive modeling (GAM) of abundance trends from 2003 to 2023 with qualitative analysis of Local...

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Main Authors: R. J. O’Connor, N. M. Ardoin, G. A. De Leo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-04-01
Series:npj Ocean Sustainability
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s44183-025-00113-w
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author R. J. O’Connor
N. M. Ardoin
G. A. De Leo
author_facet R. J. O’Connor
N. M. Ardoin
G. A. De Leo
author_sort R. J. O’Connor
collection DOAJ
description Abstract This mixed-methods study examined the decline of a Harbor Seal (Phoca vitulina) colony’s abundance in Pacific Grove, California, USA, documented by community scientists. We combined generalized additive modeling (GAM) of abundance trends from 2003 to 2023 with qualitative analysis of Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK) obtained through interviews. LEK identified various anthropogenic disturbances that may have contributed to the colony’s decline. Statistical analysis revealed that, in 2022 and 2023, Harbor Seal abundance was 29.81% lower than expected, given the availability of prey fish in their forage range. Notably, roadwork near the colony during the 2022 pupping season likely impacted reproductive success and reduced habitat suitability, potentially impacting abundance. This study underscores the demographic impacts of human disturbances on marine mammals, the effectiveness of mixed-methods and community science in ecological research, and the critical need to mitigate disturbances to protect sensitive marine mammal populations, especially during critical periods like pupping seasons.
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spelling doaj-art-0808e1c869a74f2fb54098aeb6e07e0d2025-08-20T03:08:05ZengNature Portfolionpj Ocean Sustainability2731-426X2025-04-014111410.1038/s44183-025-00113-wEffects of anthropogenic noise on marine mammal abundances informed by mixed methodsR. J. O’Connor0N. M. Ardoin1G. A. De Leo2Emmett Interdisciplinary Program in Environment and Resources, Stanford UniversityEnvironmental Social Sciences Department, Stanford UniversityOceans Department, Stanford UniversityAbstract This mixed-methods study examined the decline of a Harbor Seal (Phoca vitulina) colony’s abundance in Pacific Grove, California, USA, documented by community scientists. We combined generalized additive modeling (GAM) of abundance trends from 2003 to 2023 with qualitative analysis of Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK) obtained through interviews. LEK identified various anthropogenic disturbances that may have contributed to the colony’s decline. Statistical analysis revealed that, in 2022 and 2023, Harbor Seal abundance was 29.81% lower than expected, given the availability of prey fish in their forage range. Notably, roadwork near the colony during the 2022 pupping season likely impacted reproductive success and reduced habitat suitability, potentially impacting abundance. This study underscores the demographic impacts of human disturbances on marine mammals, the effectiveness of mixed-methods and community science in ecological research, and the critical need to mitigate disturbances to protect sensitive marine mammal populations, especially during critical periods like pupping seasons.https://doi.org/10.1038/s44183-025-00113-w
spellingShingle R. J. O’Connor
N. M. Ardoin
G. A. De Leo
Effects of anthropogenic noise on marine mammal abundances informed by mixed methods
npj Ocean Sustainability
title Effects of anthropogenic noise on marine mammal abundances informed by mixed methods
title_full Effects of anthropogenic noise on marine mammal abundances informed by mixed methods
title_fullStr Effects of anthropogenic noise on marine mammal abundances informed by mixed methods
title_full_unstemmed Effects of anthropogenic noise on marine mammal abundances informed by mixed methods
title_short Effects of anthropogenic noise on marine mammal abundances informed by mixed methods
title_sort effects of anthropogenic noise on marine mammal abundances informed by mixed methods
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s44183-025-00113-w
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