Inflammatory state moderates response to cannabis on negative affect and sleep quality in individuals with anxiety

IntroductionInflammation has been implicated as an underlying pathology in negative affect and sleep disruption. Cannabinoids like delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) have demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to assess if cannabis use altered cytokine conc...

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Main Authors: Jonathon K. Lisano, Carillon J. Skrzynski, Gregory Giordano, Angela D. Bryan, L. Cinnamon Bidwell
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnbeh.2025.1549311/full
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author Jonathon K. Lisano
Carillon J. Skrzynski
Gregory Giordano
Angela D. Bryan
L. Cinnamon Bidwell
L. Cinnamon Bidwell
author_facet Jonathon K. Lisano
Carillon J. Skrzynski
Gregory Giordano
Angela D. Bryan
L. Cinnamon Bidwell
L. Cinnamon Bidwell
author_sort Jonathon K. Lisano
collection DOAJ
description IntroductionInflammation has been implicated as an underlying pathology in negative affect and sleep disruption. Cannabinoids like delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) have demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to assess if cannabis use altered cytokine concentration and whether inflammatory status moderated the influence of 4 weeks of cannabis use on negative affect and sleep quality in anxious individuals.MethodsParticipants with mild or greater anxiety (n = 147) were assigned to one of three cannabis chemovars (THC + CBD, THC, CBD), asked to consume their products ad libitum for 4 weeks, and were compared to a group of participants with anxiety who did not use cannabis (n = 24). Measures of negative affect (Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21: DASS-21), sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: PSQI), and plasma cytokine concentrations were measured at Baseline and Week-4. Multilevel modeling assessed if there were group-dependent changes in cytokine concentrations over time, and whether baseline inflammation moderated the association between cannabis use and both negative affect and sleep quality.ResultsThere were no group-dependent changes in cytokine concentrations throughout the study (p = 0.12). It was observed that baseline inflammatory state moderated the group-by-time relationship for DASS-21 (p < 0.001) and PSQI (p = 0.04). In both models, chemovars higher in CBD produced more consistent improvements, while THC-associated improvements varied by baseline inflammatory state.ConclusionThese novel findings suggest that baseline inflammatory status influences the relationship between cannabis use, negative affect, and sleep quality in people with anxiety.
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spelling doaj-art-0801b3bbeabb4495b6ccd3fb81e301582025-08-20T03:28:26ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience1662-51532025-07-011910.3389/fnbeh.2025.15493111549311Inflammatory state moderates response to cannabis on negative affect and sleep quality in individuals with anxietyJonathon K. Lisano0Carillon J. Skrzynski1Gregory Giordano2Angela D. Bryan3L. Cinnamon Bidwell4L. Cinnamon Bidwell5Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United StatesDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United StatesDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United StatesDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United StatesInstitute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United StatesDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United StatesIntroductionInflammation has been implicated as an underlying pathology in negative affect and sleep disruption. Cannabinoids like delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) have demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to assess if cannabis use altered cytokine concentration and whether inflammatory status moderated the influence of 4 weeks of cannabis use on negative affect and sleep quality in anxious individuals.MethodsParticipants with mild or greater anxiety (n = 147) were assigned to one of three cannabis chemovars (THC + CBD, THC, CBD), asked to consume their products ad libitum for 4 weeks, and were compared to a group of participants with anxiety who did not use cannabis (n = 24). Measures of negative affect (Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21: DASS-21), sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: PSQI), and plasma cytokine concentrations were measured at Baseline and Week-4. Multilevel modeling assessed if there were group-dependent changes in cytokine concentrations over time, and whether baseline inflammation moderated the association between cannabis use and both negative affect and sleep quality.ResultsThere were no group-dependent changes in cytokine concentrations throughout the study (p = 0.12). It was observed that baseline inflammatory state moderated the group-by-time relationship for DASS-21 (p < 0.001) and PSQI (p = 0.04). In both models, chemovars higher in CBD produced more consistent improvements, while THC-associated improvements varied by baseline inflammatory state.ConclusionThese novel findings suggest that baseline inflammatory status influences the relationship between cannabis use, negative affect, and sleep quality in people with anxiety.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnbeh.2025.1549311/fullTHCCBDcytokinesdepressionanxietystress
spellingShingle Jonathon K. Lisano
Carillon J. Skrzynski
Gregory Giordano
Angela D. Bryan
L. Cinnamon Bidwell
L. Cinnamon Bidwell
Inflammatory state moderates response to cannabis on negative affect and sleep quality in individuals with anxiety
Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience
THC
CBD
cytokines
depression
anxiety
stress
title Inflammatory state moderates response to cannabis on negative affect and sleep quality in individuals with anxiety
title_full Inflammatory state moderates response to cannabis on negative affect and sleep quality in individuals with anxiety
title_fullStr Inflammatory state moderates response to cannabis on negative affect and sleep quality in individuals with anxiety
title_full_unstemmed Inflammatory state moderates response to cannabis on negative affect and sleep quality in individuals with anxiety
title_short Inflammatory state moderates response to cannabis on negative affect and sleep quality in individuals with anxiety
title_sort inflammatory state moderates response to cannabis on negative affect and sleep quality in individuals with anxiety
topic THC
CBD
cytokines
depression
anxiety
stress
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnbeh.2025.1549311/full
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