A first trial to supplement local hardwood sawdust at the first soaking for the cultivation of Shiitake (Lentinula edodes)
Supplementation of the growing substrate has been reported to enhance the production of cultivated mushrooms; however, supplementation using nano-sized additives is not yet investigated on Shiitake (Lentinula edodes). The study investigated the potential of a nano-supplement (Lithovit®-Amino25) cont...
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2025-02-01
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| author | Stephanie Nabhan Soukayna Haidar Ahmad Zeina El Sebaaly Teodor Nedelin Youssef Najib Sassine |
| author_facet | Stephanie Nabhan Soukayna Haidar Ahmad Zeina El Sebaaly Teodor Nedelin Youssef Najib Sassine |
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| description | Supplementation of the growing substrate has been reported to enhance the production of cultivated mushrooms; however, supplementation using nano-sized additives is not yet investigated on Shiitake (Lentinula edodes). The study investigated the potential of a nano-supplement (Lithovit®-Amino25) containing an admixture of 25% L-amino acids on shiitake cultivated on sawdust from locally available oak, maple, and apple trees (oak sawdust: OS, maple sawdust: MS, and apple sawdust: AS). Initially, sawdusts were enriched equally with wheat bran (WB) and at the first soaking, Lithovit®-Amino25 was applied at 5 g/L. Treatments were: T1: OS-WB (control), T2: OS-WB+ nano-amino, T3: MS-WB, T4: MS-WB+ nano-amino, T5: AS-WB, and T6: AS-WB+ nano-amino. Among non-supplemented substrates, complete mycelia run, fruiting, and harvest dates were faster in T1 than in T3 and T5. Complete mycelial development was delayed by 7, 5, 9, and 6 d in T3, T4, T5, and T6 compared to T1. The harvest date was delayed by 7.7–8.3 d on maple sawdust and by 10.5–12.7 d on apple sawdust compared to oak sawdust. However, nano-supplementation hastened fruiting and harvest dates (by 9.3 d) in T4 compared to T3. The biological yield of the second harvest was higher on supplemented than on non-supplemented maple and apple sawdusts. Only T1 and T2 showed consistency in production over two consecutive harvests. Nano-supplementation improved the total biological yield in T2, T4, and T6 by 9.8, 21.0, and 22.5%, respectively. Nevertheless, all treatments, except T4, had lower biological efficiencies compared with T1. In T4, results of stepwise regression showed a strong positive correlation (R2 = 0.96) between the total biological yield and mushroom weight at the second harvest. Supplementation caused a slight or significant improvement in pileus diameter and mushroom firmness and a significant improvement in mushroom’s crude protein (by 2.9–8.2% compared to T1) and fiber contents (by 1–2.3% compared to T1). In conclusion, supplemented maple sawdust would alternate oak sawdust for shiitake production, though other timings of supplementation might be further investigated to optimize production on this substrate. |
| format | Article |
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| spelling | doaj-art-07f5607495f04eeea9cb470c0bcb7f092025-08-20T02:45:38ZengPeerJ Inc.PeerJ2167-83592025-02-0113e1862210.7717/peerj.18622A first trial to supplement local hardwood sawdust at the first soaking for the cultivation of Shiitake (Lentinula edodes)Stephanie Nabhan0Soukayna Haidar Ahmad1Zeina El Sebaaly2Teodor Nedelin3Youssef Najib Sassine4Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Lebanese University, Beirut, LebanonDepartment of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Lebanese University, Beirut, LebanonDepartment of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Lebanese University, Beirut, LebanonDepartment of Forestry, Faculty of Forestry, The University of Forestry, Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Lebanese University, Beirut, LebanonSupplementation of the growing substrate has been reported to enhance the production of cultivated mushrooms; however, supplementation using nano-sized additives is not yet investigated on Shiitake (Lentinula edodes). The study investigated the potential of a nano-supplement (Lithovit®-Amino25) containing an admixture of 25% L-amino acids on shiitake cultivated on sawdust from locally available oak, maple, and apple trees (oak sawdust: OS, maple sawdust: MS, and apple sawdust: AS). Initially, sawdusts were enriched equally with wheat bran (WB) and at the first soaking, Lithovit®-Amino25 was applied at 5 g/L. Treatments were: T1: OS-WB (control), T2: OS-WB+ nano-amino, T3: MS-WB, T4: MS-WB+ nano-amino, T5: AS-WB, and T6: AS-WB+ nano-amino. Among non-supplemented substrates, complete mycelia run, fruiting, and harvest dates were faster in T1 than in T3 and T5. Complete mycelial development was delayed by 7, 5, 9, and 6 d in T3, T4, T5, and T6 compared to T1. The harvest date was delayed by 7.7–8.3 d on maple sawdust and by 10.5–12.7 d on apple sawdust compared to oak sawdust. However, nano-supplementation hastened fruiting and harvest dates (by 9.3 d) in T4 compared to T3. The biological yield of the second harvest was higher on supplemented than on non-supplemented maple and apple sawdusts. Only T1 and T2 showed consistency in production over two consecutive harvests. Nano-supplementation improved the total biological yield in T2, T4, and T6 by 9.8, 21.0, and 22.5%, respectively. Nevertheless, all treatments, except T4, had lower biological efficiencies compared with T1. In T4, results of stepwise regression showed a strong positive correlation (R2 = 0.96) between the total biological yield and mushroom weight at the second harvest. Supplementation caused a slight or significant improvement in pileus diameter and mushroom firmness and a significant improvement in mushroom’s crude protein (by 2.9–8.2% compared to T1) and fiber contents (by 1–2.3% compared to T1). In conclusion, supplemented maple sawdust would alternate oak sawdust for shiitake production, though other timings of supplementation might be further investigated to optimize production on this substrate.https://peerj.com/articles/18622.pdfLignocellulosic materialsForests wastesAgricultural wastesAlternative substratesNano-supplement |
| spellingShingle | Stephanie Nabhan Soukayna Haidar Ahmad Zeina El Sebaaly Teodor Nedelin Youssef Najib Sassine A first trial to supplement local hardwood sawdust at the first soaking for the cultivation of Shiitake (Lentinula edodes) PeerJ Lignocellulosic materials Forests wastes Agricultural wastes Alternative substrates Nano-supplement |
| title | A first trial to supplement local hardwood sawdust at the first soaking for the cultivation of Shiitake (Lentinula edodes) |
| title_full | A first trial to supplement local hardwood sawdust at the first soaking for the cultivation of Shiitake (Lentinula edodes) |
| title_fullStr | A first trial to supplement local hardwood sawdust at the first soaking for the cultivation of Shiitake (Lentinula edodes) |
| title_full_unstemmed | A first trial to supplement local hardwood sawdust at the first soaking for the cultivation of Shiitake (Lentinula edodes) |
| title_short | A first trial to supplement local hardwood sawdust at the first soaking for the cultivation of Shiitake (Lentinula edodes) |
| title_sort | first trial to supplement local hardwood sawdust at the first soaking for the cultivation of shiitake lentinula edodes |
| topic | Lignocellulosic materials Forests wastes Agricultural wastes Alternative substrates Nano-supplement |
| url | https://peerj.com/articles/18622.pdf |
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