Evaluating the diagnostic performance of six plasma biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative dementias in a large Chinese cohort

Abstract Background Ethnic variations and detection methods may lead to differences in diagnostic biomarkers of dementia, and few comparative studies have evaluated the six plasma biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative dementias in the Chinese population. Methods A cross-...

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Main Authors: Bin Jiao, Ziyu Ouyang, Yiliang Liu, Cong Zhang, Tianyan Xu, Qijie Yang, Sizhe Zhang, Yuan Zhu, Meidan Wan, Xuewen Xiao, Xixi Liu, Yafang Zhou, Xinxin Liao, Weiwei Zhang, Shilin Luo, Beisha Tang, Lu Shen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-04-01
Series:Alzheimer’s Research & Therapy
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13195-025-01712-y
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author Bin Jiao
Ziyu Ouyang
Yiliang Liu
Cong Zhang
Tianyan Xu
Qijie Yang
Sizhe Zhang
Yuan Zhu
Meidan Wan
Xuewen Xiao
Xixi Liu
Yafang Zhou
Xinxin Liao
Weiwei Zhang
Shilin Luo
Beisha Tang
Lu Shen
author_facet Bin Jiao
Ziyu Ouyang
Yiliang Liu
Cong Zhang
Tianyan Xu
Qijie Yang
Sizhe Zhang
Yuan Zhu
Meidan Wan
Xuewen Xiao
Xixi Liu
Yafang Zhou
Xinxin Liao
Weiwei Zhang
Shilin Luo
Beisha Tang
Lu Shen
author_sort Bin Jiao
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Ethnic variations and detection methods may lead to differences in diagnostic biomarkers of dementia, and few comparative studies have evaluated the six plasma biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative dementias in the Chinese population. Methods A cross-sectional cohort of 668 participants were enrolled, including 245 amnesic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) or AD patients with Aβ positive pathology, 67 with frontotemporal dementia (FTD), 100 with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), 72 with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and 184 healthy controls. Additionally, a longitudinal subset of 19 aMCI and 30 AD patients was followed for an average period of 1 year. Plasma biomarkers, including p-tau181, p-tau217, p-tau231, NfL, GFAP, and α-synuclein, were simultaneously measured using a novel single molecular array method. Aβ42 and p-tau181 levels in CSF, amyloid PET and structural MRI were measured. Results Plasma p-tau217 and p-tau231 were most effective in diagnosing aMCI/AD (AUC = 0.95 and 0.93, respectively), while p-tau217, p-tau231 and p-tau181 presented the best differential diagnosis for AD from PSP, FTD and DLB respectively (AUC = 0.84, 0.81 and 0.83). α-synuclein was presented as the best biomarker for PSP variant and behavior variant FTD subtypes (AUC = 0.81 and 0.74, respectively). Among them, p-tau217, p-tau231, GFAP and a-synuclein were negatively correlated with CSF Aβ42/40, while p-tau217 and GFAP were positively correlated with CSF p-tau181. Besides, p-tau181, p-tau217, and GFAP were associated with temporal lobe volume, while p-tau231 and GFAP were associated with frontal lobe volume. Longitudinal analysis showed the higher p-tau181 could predict the cognitive decline progression. Conclusions This study validate the practicality of blood biomarkers in the Chinese Han population using a novel single molecule immune detection method. Through the clinical performance study for several biomarkers, we found the plasma p-tau217 was the most effective biomarker in AD diagnosis, and p-tau showed high accuracy for differential diagnosis of AD from other dementia, GFAP is associated with multiple aspects of AD pathology, and frontal and temporal lobe volume, and p-tau181 can reflect the dynamic cognitive decline of AD.
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spelling doaj-art-07f353c5fa4146eb861c6639019f8aae2025-08-20T03:08:05ZengBMCAlzheimer’s Research & Therapy1758-91932025-04-0117111510.1186/s13195-025-01712-yEvaluating the diagnostic performance of six plasma biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative dementias in a large Chinese cohortBin Jiao0Ziyu Ouyang1Yiliang Liu2Cong Zhang3Tianyan Xu4Qijie Yang5Sizhe Zhang6Yuan Zhu7Meidan Wan8Xuewen Xiao9Xixi Liu10Yafang Zhou11Xinxin Liao12Weiwei Zhang13Shilin Luo14Beisha Tang15Lu Shen16Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityDepartment of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityDepartment of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityDepartment of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityDepartment of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityDepartment of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityDepartment of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityDepartment of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityDepartment of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityDepartment of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityDepartment of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityDepartment of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityDepartment of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityDepartment of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityDepartment of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityDepartment of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityDepartment of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityAbstract Background Ethnic variations and detection methods may lead to differences in diagnostic biomarkers of dementia, and few comparative studies have evaluated the six plasma biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative dementias in the Chinese population. Methods A cross-sectional cohort of 668 participants were enrolled, including 245 amnesic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) or AD patients with Aβ positive pathology, 67 with frontotemporal dementia (FTD), 100 with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), 72 with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and 184 healthy controls. Additionally, a longitudinal subset of 19 aMCI and 30 AD patients was followed for an average period of 1 year. Plasma biomarkers, including p-tau181, p-tau217, p-tau231, NfL, GFAP, and α-synuclein, were simultaneously measured using a novel single molecular array method. Aβ42 and p-tau181 levels in CSF, amyloid PET and structural MRI were measured. Results Plasma p-tau217 and p-tau231 were most effective in diagnosing aMCI/AD (AUC = 0.95 and 0.93, respectively), while p-tau217, p-tau231 and p-tau181 presented the best differential diagnosis for AD from PSP, FTD and DLB respectively (AUC = 0.84, 0.81 and 0.83). α-synuclein was presented as the best biomarker for PSP variant and behavior variant FTD subtypes (AUC = 0.81 and 0.74, respectively). Among them, p-tau217, p-tau231, GFAP and a-synuclein were negatively correlated with CSF Aβ42/40, while p-tau217 and GFAP were positively correlated with CSF p-tau181. Besides, p-tau181, p-tau217, and GFAP were associated with temporal lobe volume, while p-tau231 and GFAP were associated with frontal lobe volume. Longitudinal analysis showed the higher p-tau181 could predict the cognitive decline progression. Conclusions This study validate the practicality of blood biomarkers in the Chinese Han population using a novel single molecule immune detection method. Through the clinical performance study for several biomarkers, we found the plasma p-tau217 was the most effective biomarker in AD diagnosis, and p-tau showed high accuracy for differential diagnosis of AD from other dementia, GFAP is associated with multiple aspects of AD pathology, and frontal and temporal lobe volume, and p-tau181 can reflect the dynamic cognitive decline of AD.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13195-025-01712-yAlzheimer’s diseasePlasma biomarkerPhosphorylated-tauGlial fibrillary acidic proteinNeurofilament light chainα-synuclein
spellingShingle Bin Jiao
Ziyu Ouyang
Yiliang Liu
Cong Zhang
Tianyan Xu
Qijie Yang
Sizhe Zhang
Yuan Zhu
Meidan Wan
Xuewen Xiao
Xixi Liu
Yafang Zhou
Xinxin Liao
Weiwei Zhang
Shilin Luo
Beisha Tang
Lu Shen
Evaluating the diagnostic performance of six plasma biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative dementias in a large Chinese cohort
Alzheimer’s Research & Therapy
Alzheimer’s disease
Plasma biomarker
Phosphorylated-tau
Glial fibrillary acidic protein
Neurofilament light chain
α-synuclein
title Evaluating the diagnostic performance of six plasma biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative dementias in a large Chinese cohort
title_full Evaluating the diagnostic performance of six plasma biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative dementias in a large Chinese cohort
title_fullStr Evaluating the diagnostic performance of six plasma biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative dementias in a large Chinese cohort
title_full_unstemmed Evaluating the diagnostic performance of six plasma biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative dementias in a large Chinese cohort
title_short Evaluating the diagnostic performance of six plasma biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative dementias in a large Chinese cohort
title_sort evaluating the diagnostic performance of six plasma biomarkers for alzheimer s disease and other neurodegenerative dementias in a large chinese cohort
topic Alzheimer’s disease
Plasma biomarker
Phosphorylated-tau
Glial fibrillary acidic protein
Neurofilament light chain
α-synuclein
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s13195-025-01712-y
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