A Systematic Review on the Combination of VR, IoT and AI Technologies, and Their Integration in Applications

The convergence of Virtual Reality (VR), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and the Internet of Things (IoT) offers transformative potential across numerous sectors. However, existing studies often examine these technologies independently or in limited pairings, which overlooks the synergistic possibilit...

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Main Authors: Dimitris Kostadimas, Vlasios Kasapakis, Konstantinos Kotis
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Future Internet
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/17/4/163
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author Dimitris Kostadimas
Vlasios Kasapakis
Konstantinos Kotis
author_facet Dimitris Kostadimas
Vlasios Kasapakis
Konstantinos Kotis
author_sort Dimitris Kostadimas
collection DOAJ
description The convergence of Virtual Reality (VR), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and the Internet of Things (IoT) offers transformative potential across numerous sectors. However, existing studies often examine these technologies independently or in limited pairings, which overlooks the synergistic possibilities of their combined usage. This systematic review adheres to the PRISMA guidelines in order to critically analyze peer-reviewed literature from highly recognized academic databases related to the intersection of VR, AI, and IoT, and identify application domains, methodologies, tools, and key challenges. By focusing on real-life implementations and working prototypes, this review highlights state-of-the-art advancements and uncovers gaps that hinder practical adoption, such as data collection issues, interoperability barriers, and user experience challenges. The findings reveal that digital twins (DTs), AIoT systems, and immersive XR environments are promising as emerging technologies (ET), but require further development to achieve scalability and real-world impact, while in certain fields a limited amount of research is conducted until now. This review bridges theory and practice, providing a targeted foundation for future interdisciplinary research aimed at advancing practical, scalable solutions across domains such as healthcare, smart cities, industry, education, cultural heritage, and beyond. The study found that the integration of VR, AI, and IoT holds significant potential across various domains, with DTs, IoT systems, and immersive XR environments showing promising applications, but challenges such as data interoperability, user experience limitations, and scalability barriers hinder widespread adoption.
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spelling doaj-art-07f0f2a7ea604c1aa70af8aec525d6ab2025-08-20T02:28:36ZengMDPI AGFuture Internet1999-59032025-04-0117416310.3390/fi17040163A Systematic Review on the Combination of VR, IoT and AI Technologies, and Their Integration in ApplicationsDimitris Kostadimas0Vlasios Kasapakis1Konstantinos Kotis2Department of Cultural Technology and Communication, University of the Aegean, 81100 Mytilene, GreeceDepartment of Cultural Technology and Communication, University of the Aegean, 81100 Mytilene, GreeceDepartment of Cultural Technology and Communication, University of the Aegean, 81100 Mytilene, GreeceThe convergence of Virtual Reality (VR), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and the Internet of Things (IoT) offers transformative potential across numerous sectors. However, existing studies often examine these technologies independently or in limited pairings, which overlooks the synergistic possibilities of their combined usage. This systematic review adheres to the PRISMA guidelines in order to critically analyze peer-reviewed literature from highly recognized academic databases related to the intersection of VR, AI, and IoT, and identify application domains, methodologies, tools, and key challenges. By focusing on real-life implementations and working prototypes, this review highlights state-of-the-art advancements and uncovers gaps that hinder practical adoption, such as data collection issues, interoperability barriers, and user experience challenges. The findings reveal that digital twins (DTs), AIoT systems, and immersive XR environments are promising as emerging technologies (ET), but require further development to achieve scalability and real-world impact, while in certain fields a limited amount of research is conducted until now. This review bridges theory and practice, providing a targeted foundation for future interdisciplinary research aimed at advancing practical, scalable solutions across domains such as healthcare, smart cities, industry, education, cultural heritage, and beyond. The study found that the integration of VR, AI, and IoT holds significant potential across various domains, with DTs, IoT systems, and immersive XR environments showing promising applications, but challenges such as data interoperability, user experience limitations, and scalability barriers hinder widespread adoption.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/17/4/163VRAIIoTsmart systemssmart applications
spellingShingle Dimitris Kostadimas
Vlasios Kasapakis
Konstantinos Kotis
A Systematic Review on the Combination of VR, IoT and AI Technologies, and Their Integration in Applications
Future Internet
VR
AI
IoT
smart systems
smart applications
title A Systematic Review on the Combination of VR, IoT and AI Technologies, and Their Integration in Applications
title_full A Systematic Review on the Combination of VR, IoT and AI Technologies, and Their Integration in Applications
title_fullStr A Systematic Review on the Combination of VR, IoT and AI Technologies, and Their Integration in Applications
title_full_unstemmed A Systematic Review on the Combination of VR, IoT and AI Technologies, and Their Integration in Applications
title_short A Systematic Review on the Combination of VR, IoT and AI Technologies, and Their Integration in Applications
title_sort systematic review on the combination of vr iot and ai technologies and their integration in applications
topic VR
AI
IoT
smart systems
smart applications
url https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/17/4/163
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