Evaluating the role of quantitative pupillometry in chronic subdural hematoma: A pilot study

Introduction: As the incidence of chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) increases with an aging population, identifying noninvasive methods for early detection and monitoring is crucial. Brain atrophy in older adults creates additional intracranial reserve, allowing large hematomas to accumulate without...

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Main Authors: Lukas Klein, Christopher Beynon, Daniel Kühlwein, Sandro M. Krieg, Alexander Younsi, Pavlina Lenga
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-01-01
Series:Brain and Spine
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772529425002103
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author Lukas Klein
Christopher Beynon
Daniel Kühlwein
Sandro M. Krieg
Alexander Younsi
Pavlina Lenga
author_facet Lukas Klein
Christopher Beynon
Daniel Kühlwein
Sandro M. Krieg
Alexander Younsi
Pavlina Lenga
author_sort Lukas Klein
collection DOAJ
description Introduction: As the incidence of chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) increases with an aging population, identifying noninvasive methods for early detection and monitoring is crucial. Brain atrophy in older adults creates additional intracranial reserve, allowing large hematomas to accumulate without significantly elevating intracranial pressure (ICP). We investigated whether quantitative pupillometry (QP) could detect subtle pressure changes or neurological compromise in these patients. Methods: This prospective study included 26 elderly cSDH patients between 65 and 97 years of age undergoing standard cranial computed tomography (cCT) and surgical burr-hole hematoma evacuation at our institution. Pupillometry assessments were conducted prospectively using the automated NPi 200® Pupillometer and the Neurological Pupil Index (NPi) was measured pre- and post-operatively. Clinical and radiological parameters including the initial Glasgow Coma Scale (GSC) score, hematoma volume, residual cavity area (RCA), and the Evans index were obtained and all parameters were statistically compared. In addition, correlation analyses were performed (p < 0.05 was considered significant). Results: The median hematoma volume was 132.5 ml (IQR 82.2 ml), with a median RCA of 4.4 mm (IQR 6.2 mm), and a median Evans index of 0.5 (IQR 0.1). Preoperatively, the mean NPI was 4.6 (SD 0.9) in the right eye and 4.5 (SD 0.5) in the left eye. No statistically significant differences were observed when directly comparing NPI, GCS, hematoma volume, RCA, Evans index, and the presence of motor deficits to one another. However, RCA showed significant positive correlations with age (rs = 0.3; p = 0.026), Evans index (rs = 0.5; p = 0.003), and hematoma volume (rs = 0.14; p = 0.043). There was also a trend toward a negative correlation between RCA and GCS (rs = −0.7; p = 0.053), as well as between hematoma volume and left-eye NPI (rs = −0.3; p = 0.058). Conclusions: In this cohort of older cSDH patients, pupillometry did not reveal any abnormal responses, suggesting that the intracranial reserve created by brain atrophy may prevent the development of elevated ICP—despite large hematoma volumes. Research is warranted to identify additional biomarkers or strategies to improve early cSDH-detection and management.
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spelling doaj-art-07eeb85ee3484da08c6ba26544b2cbed2025-08-24T05:15:29ZengElsevierBrain and Spine2772-52942025-01-01510439110.1016/j.bas.2025.104391Evaluating the role of quantitative pupillometry in chronic subdural hematoma: A pilot studyLukas Klein0Christopher Beynon1Daniel Kühlwein2Sandro M. Krieg3Alexander Younsi4Pavlina Lenga5Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Medical Faculty of Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, GermanyMedical Faculty of Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery, Mannheim University Hospital, Mannheim, GermanyMedical Faculty of Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery, Mannheim University Hospital, Mannheim, GermanyDepartment of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Medical Faculty of Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, GermanyDepartment of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Medical Faculty of Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, GermanyDepartment of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Medical Faculty of Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; Corresponding author. Department of Neurosurgery, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.Introduction: As the incidence of chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) increases with an aging population, identifying noninvasive methods for early detection and monitoring is crucial. Brain atrophy in older adults creates additional intracranial reserve, allowing large hematomas to accumulate without significantly elevating intracranial pressure (ICP). We investigated whether quantitative pupillometry (QP) could detect subtle pressure changes or neurological compromise in these patients. Methods: This prospective study included 26 elderly cSDH patients between 65 and 97 years of age undergoing standard cranial computed tomography (cCT) and surgical burr-hole hematoma evacuation at our institution. Pupillometry assessments were conducted prospectively using the automated NPi 200® Pupillometer and the Neurological Pupil Index (NPi) was measured pre- and post-operatively. Clinical and radiological parameters including the initial Glasgow Coma Scale (GSC) score, hematoma volume, residual cavity area (RCA), and the Evans index were obtained and all parameters were statistically compared. In addition, correlation analyses were performed (p < 0.05 was considered significant). Results: The median hematoma volume was 132.5 ml (IQR 82.2 ml), with a median RCA of 4.4 mm (IQR 6.2 mm), and a median Evans index of 0.5 (IQR 0.1). Preoperatively, the mean NPI was 4.6 (SD 0.9) in the right eye and 4.5 (SD 0.5) in the left eye. No statistically significant differences were observed when directly comparing NPI, GCS, hematoma volume, RCA, Evans index, and the presence of motor deficits to one another. However, RCA showed significant positive correlations with age (rs = 0.3; p = 0.026), Evans index (rs = 0.5; p = 0.003), and hematoma volume (rs = 0.14; p = 0.043). There was also a trend toward a negative correlation between RCA and GCS (rs = −0.7; p = 0.053), as well as between hematoma volume and left-eye NPI (rs = −0.3; p = 0.058). Conclusions: In this cohort of older cSDH patients, pupillometry did not reveal any abnormal responses, suggesting that the intracranial reserve created by brain atrophy may prevent the development of elevated ICP—despite large hematoma volumes. Research is warranted to identify additional biomarkers or strategies to improve early cSDH-detection and management.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772529425002103Chronic subdural hematomaPupillometryIntracranial pressureBrain atrophyComputed tomography
spellingShingle Lukas Klein
Christopher Beynon
Daniel Kühlwein
Sandro M. Krieg
Alexander Younsi
Pavlina Lenga
Evaluating the role of quantitative pupillometry in chronic subdural hematoma: A pilot study
Brain and Spine
Chronic subdural hematoma
Pupillometry
Intracranial pressure
Brain atrophy
Computed tomography
title Evaluating the role of quantitative pupillometry in chronic subdural hematoma: A pilot study
title_full Evaluating the role of quantitative pupillometry in chronic subdural hematoma: A pilot study
title_fullStr Evaluating the role of quantitative pupillometry in chronic subdural hematoma: A pilot study
title_full_unstemmed Evaluating the role of quantitative pupillometry in chronic subdural hematoma: A pilot study
title_short Evaluating the role of quantitative pupillometry in chronic subdural hematoma: A pilot study
title_sort evaluating the role of quantitative pupillometry in chronic subdural hematoma a pilot study
topic Chronic subdural hematoma
Pupillometry
Intracranial pressure
Brain atrophy
Computed tomography
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772529425002103
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