Context Matters: Divergent Roles of Exercise-Induced and Tumor-Derived Lactate in Cancer

Instead of being waste product of metabolism, lactate, has become a key metabolic and signaling molecule in both exercise physiology and tumor biology. Carcinogenic cells produce huge amounts of lactate through the Warburg effect, which is a hallmark of aggressive tumors, increasing acidity in the e...

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Main Authors: Amir hossein Ahmadi Hekmatikar, Ghazal Zolfaghari, Aref Basereh, D. Maryama Awang Daud, Kayvan Khoramipour
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Biomolecules
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/15/7/1010
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author Amir hossein Ahmadi Hekmatikar
Ghazal Zolfaghari
Aref Basereh
D. Maryama Awang Daud
Kayvan Khoramipour
author_facet Amir hossein Ahmadi Hekmatikar
Ghazal Zolfaghari
Aref Basereh
D. Maryama Awang Daud
Kayvan Khoramipour
author_sort Amir hossein Ahmadi Hekmatikar
collection DOAJ
description Instead of being waste product of metabolism, lactate, has become a key metabolic and signaling molecule in both exercise physiology and tumor biology. Carcinogenic cells produce huge amounts of lactate through the Warburg effect, which is a hallmark of aggressive tumors, increasing acidity in the environment that can stimulates angiogenesis, immune evasion, and metastasis. Conversely, while exercise acutely elevates blood lactate concentration but it consider helpful for cancer patients. This paradox raises the following question: is exercise-induced lactate a friend or foe in cancer? This study reviews current evidence on the mechanistic, metabolic, immunological, and clinical impacts of exercise-induced lactate in cancer patients, highlighting the context-dependent effects that render lactate either beneficial or detrimental. Tumor-derived lactate seems to be pro-tumorigenic, driving immune suppression and disease progression, whereas short bursts of lactate from exercise can enhance anti-tumor immunity and metabolic reprogramming under the right conditions. Therefore, lactate’s impact on cancer is “all about the context”.
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series Biomolecules
spelling doaj-art-07d534d01b42422a963f19dff5780a2b2025-08-20T03:08:05ZengMDPI AGBiomolecules2218-273X2025-07-01157101010.3390/biom15071010Context Matters: Divergent Roles of Exercise-Induced and Tumor-Derived Lactate in CancerAmir hossein Ahmadi Hekmatikar0Ghazal Zolfaghari1Aref Basereh2D. Maryama Awang Daud3Kayvan Khoramipour4Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 10600, IranDepartment of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Medical Sciences and Technologies, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 35131-19111, IranDepartment of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran 10600, IranHealth Through Exercise and Active Living (HEAL) Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysiai+HeALTH Strategic Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University (UEMC), 47012 Valladolid, SpainInstead of being waste product of metabolism, lactate, has become a key metabolic and signaling molecule in both exercise physiology and tumor biology. Carcinogenic cells produce huge amounts of lactate through the Warburg effect, which is a hallmark of aggressive tumors, increasing acidity in the environment that can stimulates angiogenesis, immune evasion, and metastasis. Conversely, while exercise acutely elevates blood lactate concentration but it consider helpful for cancer patients. This paradox raises the following question: is exercise-induced lactate a friend or foe in cancer? This study reviews current evidence on the mechanistic, metabolic, immunological, and clinical impacts of exercise-induced lactate in cancer patients, highlighting the context-dependent effects that render lactate either beneficial or detrimental. Tumor-derived lactate seems to be pro-tumorigenic, driving immune suppression and disease progression, whereas short bursts of lactate from exercise can enhance anti-tumor immunity and metabolic reprogramming under the right conditions. Therefore, lactate’s impact on cancer is “all about the context”.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/15/7/1010lactateexercisecancermetabolism
spellingShingle Amir hossein Ahmadi Hekmatikar
Ghazal Zolfaghari
Aref Basereh
D. Maryama Awang Daud
Kayvan Khoramipour
Context Matters: Divergent Roles of Exercise-Induced and Tumor-Derived Lactate in Cancer
Biomolecules
lactate
exercise
cancer
metabolism
title Context Matters: Divergent Roles of Exercise-Induced and Tumor-Derived Lactate in Cancer
title_full Context Matters: Divergent Roles of Exercise-Induced and Tumor-Derived Lactate in Cancer
title_fullStr Context Matters: Divergent Roles of Exercise-Induced and Tumor-Derived Lactate in Cancer
title_full_unstemmed Context Matters: Divergent Roles of Exercise-Induced and Tumor-Derived Lactate in Cancer
title_short Context Matters: Divergent Roles of Exercise-Induced and Tumor-Derived Lactate in Cancer
title_sort context matters divergent roles of exercise induced and tumor derived lactate in cancer
topic lactate
exercise
cancer
metabolism
url https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/15/7/1010
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