Semianalytical Model for the Dynamical Evolution of Planetary Systems. II. Application to Systems Formed by a Planet Formation Model
The standard formation model of close-in low-mass planets involves efficient inward migration followed by growth through giant impacts after the protoplanetary gas disk disperses. While detailed N -body simulations have enhanced our understanding, their high computational cost limits statistical com...
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IOP Publishing
2025-01-01
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| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adef15 |
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| author | Tadahiro Kimura Eiichiro Kokubo Yuji Matsumoto Christoph Mordasini Masahiro Ikoma |
| author_facet | Tadahiro Kimura Eiichiro Kokubo Yuji Matsumoto Christoph Mordasini Masahiro Ikoma |
| author_sort | Tadahiro Kimura |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The standard formation model of close-in low-mass planets involves efficient inward migration followed by growth through giant impacts after the protoplanetary gas disk disperses. While detailed N -body simulations have enhanced our understanding, their high computational cost limits statistical comparisons with observations. In our previous work, we introduced a semianalytical model to track the dynamical evolution of multiple planets through gravitational scattering and giant impacts after the gas disk dispersal. Although this model successfully reproduced N -body simulation results under various initial conditions, our validation was still limited to cases with compact, equally spaced planetary systems. In this paper, we improve our model to handle more diverse planetary systems characterized by broader variations in planetary masses, semimajor axes, and orbital separations and validate it against recent planet population synthesis results. Our enhanced model accurately reproduces the mass distribution and orbital architectures of the final planetary systems. Thus, we confirm that the model can predict the outcomes of postgas disk dynamical evolution across a wide range of planetary system architectures, which is crucial for reducing the computational cost of planet formation simulations. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-07cda24b59e544ea897d7f54f1cc6436 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
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| series | The Astrophysical Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-07cda24b59e544ea897d7f54f1cc64362025-08-20T02:55:03ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572025-01-01989111710.3847/1538-4357/adef15Semianalytical Model for the Dynamical Evolution of Planetary Systems. II. Application to Systems Formed by a Planet Formation ModelTadahiro Kimura0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8477-2523Eiichiro Kokubo1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5486-7828Yuji Matsumoto2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2383-1216Christoph Mordasini3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1013-2811Masahiro Ikoma4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5658-5971UTokyo Organization for Planetary Space Science (UTOPS), University of Tokyo , Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan ; tad.kimura624@gmail.com; Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen , Landleven 12, 9747 AD, Groningen, The Netherlands; Division of Science, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan , Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, JapanDivision of Science, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan , Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan; Center for Computational Astrophysics , National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan; Department of Astronomy, University of Tokyo , Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Graduate Institute for Advanced Studies , SOKENDAI, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, JapanCenter for Computational Astrophysics , National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan; Department of Planetology, Kobe University , Kobe, 657-8501, JapanDivision of Space Research and Planetary Sciences, Physics Institute, University of Bern , Gesellschaftsstrasse 6, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; Center for Space and Habitability, University of Bern , Gesellschaftsstrasse 6, 3012 Bern, SwitzerlandDivision of Science, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan , Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan; Graduate Institute for Advanced Studies , SOKENDAI, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan; Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Tokyo , Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, JapanThe standard formation model of close-in low-mass planets involves efficient inward migration followed by growth through giant impacts after the protoplanetary gas disk disperses. While detailed N -body simulations have enhanced our understanding, their high computational cost limits statistical comparisons with observations. In our previous work, we introduced a semianalytical model to track the dynamical evolution of multiple planets through gravitational scattering and giant impacts after the gas disk dispersal. Although this model successfully reproduced N -body simulation results under various initial conditions, our validation was still limited to cases with compact, equally spaced planetary systems. In this paper, we improve our model to handle more diverse planetary systems characterized by broader variations in planetary masses, semimajor axes, and orbital separations and validate it against recent planet population synthesis results. Our enhanced model accurately reproduces the mass distribution and orbital architectures of the final planetary systems. Thus, we confirm that the model can predict the outcomes of postgas disk dynamical evolution across a wide range of planetary system architectures, which is crucial for reducing the computational cost of planet formation simulations.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adef15ExoplanetsPlanet formationExtrasolar rocky planetsPlanetary system evolution |
| spellingShingle | Tadahiro Kimura Eiichiro Kokubo Yuji Matsumoto Christoph Mordasini Masahiro Ikoma Semianalytical Model for the Dynamical Evolution of Planetary Systems. II. Application to Systems Formed by a Planet Formation Model The Astrophysical Journal Exoplanets Planet formation Extrasolar rocky planets Planetary system evolution |
| title | Semianalytical Model for the Dynamical Evolution of Planetary Systems. II. Application to Systems Formed by a Planet Formation Model |
| title_full | Semianalytical Model for the Dynamical Evolution of Planetary Systems. II. Application to Systems Formed by a Planet Formation Model |
| title_fullStr | Semianalytical Model for the Dynamical Evolution of Planetary Systems. II. Application to Systems Formed by a Planet Formation Model |
| title_full_unstemmed | Semianalytical Model for the Dynamical Evolution of Planetary Systems. II. Application to Systems Formed by a Planet Formation Model |
| title_short | Semianalytical Model for the Dynamical Evolution of Planetary Systems. II. Application to Systems Formed by a Planet Formation Model |
| title_sort | semianalytical model for the dynamical evolution of planetary systems ii application to systems formed by a planet formation model |
| topic | Exoplanets Planet formation Extrasolar rocky planets Planetary system evolution |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adef15 |
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