Ulceroprotective Effects of <i>Epilobium angustifolium</i> Extract in DSS-Induced Colitis in Mice

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) associated with recurrent inflammation and ulceration of the colonic mucosa. Conventional treatments, including corticosteroids, have significant side effects, driving the need for safer, effective alternatives. The present study...

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Main Authors: Rumyana Simeonova, Rositsa Mihaylova, Reneta Gevrenova, Yonko Savov, Dimitrina Zheleva-Dimitrova
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Current Issues in Molecular Biology
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1467-3045/47/6/444
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author Rumyana Simeonova
Rositsa Mihaylova
Reneta Gevrenova
Yonko Savov
Dimitrina Zheleva-Dimitrova
author_facet Rumyana Simeonova
Rositsa Mihaylova
Reneta Gevrenova
Yonko Savov
Dimitrina Zheleva-Dimitrova
author_sort Rumyana Simeonova
collection DOAJ
description Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) associated with recurrent inflammation and ulceration of the colonic mucosa. Conventional treatments, including corticosteroids, have significant side effects, driving the need for safer, effective alternatives. The present study aimed to investigate the mitigating effects of <i>Epilobium angustifolium</i> extract (EAE) in a Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model, in a comparative manner to the reference drug dexamethasone (DXM). The severity and progression of colitis were evaluated through disease activity indices and a range of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, assessed using multiple analytical methods. EAE treatment significantly reduced colonic inflammation, as indicated by decreased myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, lower levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), and reduced white blood cell counts. EAE also enhanced antioxidant defenses, increasing glutathione (GSH) levels by 64%, and boosting catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities by 36%, 53%, and 70%, respectively. Histopathological analysis confirmed EAE’s efficacy in attenuating colonic injury and inflammation. The blood parameters hemoglobin, erythrocytes, and hematocrit were also improved. Our study shows that EAE has potential as a natural therapeutic candidate for the treatment of UC, demonstrating efficacy comparable to that of conventional pharmacological treatments.
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spelling doaj-art-07c1673251184bb8a79d98a15da080362025-08-20T03:26:16ZengMDPI AGCurrent Issues in Molecular Biology1467-30371467-30452025-06-0147644410.3390/cimb47060444Ulceroprotective Effects of <i>Epilobium angustifolium</i> Extract in DSS-Induced Colitis in MiceRumyana Simeonova0Rositsa Mihaylova1Reneta Gevrenova2Yonko Savov3Dimitrina Zheleva-Dimitrova4Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, BulgariaInstitute of Emergency Medicine “N. I. Pirogov”, Bul. Totleben 21, 1000 Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, BulgariaUlcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) associated with recurrent inflammation and ulceration of the colonic mucosa. Conventional treatments, including corticosteroids, have significant side effects, driving the need for safer, effective alternatives. The present study aimed to investigate the mitigating effects of <i>Epilobium angustifolium</i> extract (EAE) in a Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model, in a comparative manner to the reference drug dexamethasone (DXM). The severity and progression of colitis were evaluated through disease activity indices and a range of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, assessed using multiple analytical methods. EAE treatment significantly reduced colonic inflammation, as indicated by decreased myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, lower levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), and reduced white blood cell counts. EAE also enhanced antioxidant defenses, increasing glutathione (GSH) levels by 64%, and boosting catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities by 36%, 53%, and 70%, respectively. Histopathological analysis confirmed EAE’s efficacy in attenuating colonic injury and inflammation. The blood parameters hemoglobin, erythrocytes, and hematocrit were also improved. Our study shows that EAE has potential as a natural therapeutic candidate for the treatment of UC, demonstrating efficacy comparable to that of conventional pharmacological treatments.https://www.mdpi.com/1467-3045/47/6/444<i>Epilobium angustifolium</i>DSS-induced ulcerative colitisoxidative stresscolon inflammation
spellingShingle Rumyana Simeonova
Rositsa Mihaylova
Reneta Gevrenova
Yonko Savov
Dimitrina Zheleva-Dimitrova
Ulceroprotective Effects of <i>Epilobium angustifolium</i> Extract in DSS-Induced Colitis in Mice
Current Issues in Molecular Biology
<i>Epilobium angustifolium</i>
DSS-induced ulcerative colitis
oxidative stress
colon inflammation
title Ulceroprotective Effects of <i>Epilobium angustifolium</i> Extract in DSS-Induced Colitis in Mice
title_full Ulceroprotective Effects of <i>Epilobium angustifolium</i> Extract in DSS-Induced Colitis in Mice
title_fullStr Ulceroprotective Effects of <i>Epilobium angustifolium</i> Extract in DSS-Induced Colitis in Mice
title_full_unstemmed Ulceroprotective Effects of <i>Epilobium angustifolium</i> Extract in DSS-Induced Colitis in Mice
title_short Ulceroprotective Effects of <i>Epilobium angustifolium</i> Extract in DSS-Induced Colitis in Mice
title_sort ulceroprotective effects of i epilobium angustifolium i extract in dss induced colitis in mice
topic <i>Epilobium angustifolium</i>
DSS-induced ulcerative colitis
oxidative stress
colon inflammation
url https://www.mdpi.com/1467-3045/47/6/444
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AT yonkosavov ulceroprotectiveeffectsofiepilobiumangustifoliumiextractindssinducedcolitisinmice
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