RNA-Seq Transcriptomics and iTRAQ Proteomics Analysis Reveal the Dwarfing Mechanism of Blue Fescue (<i>Festuca glauca</i>)
Blue fescue is a widely used ornamental grass because of its strong ecological adaptability. To maintain the optimal ornamental plant shape, blue fescue requires many nutrients and labor. Using dwarf varieties with slow growth is an effective way to fulfill these requirements. In this study, we inve...
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2024-11-01
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| author | Yong Zhang Peng Han Ruijie Zhao Shuhan Yu Hang Liu Hong Wu Jinyang Weng Hengfeng Zhang |
| author_facet | Yong Zhang Peng Han Ruijie Zhao Shuhan Yu Hang Liu Hong Wu Jinyang Weng Hengfeng Zhang |
| author_sort | Yong Zhang |
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| description | Blue fescue is a widely used ornamental grass because of its strong ecological adaptability. To maintain the optimal ornamental plant shape, blue fescue requires many nutrients and labor. Using dwarf varieties with slow growth is an effective way to fulfill these requirements. In this study, we investigated the dwarfing mechanism of <i>dw-1</i>, a blue fescue dwarfing mutant, using physiological, transcriptomic, and proteomic methods. The peroxidase (POD) enzyme activity and chlorophyll content of <i>dw-1</i> significantly increased, while the lignin, gibberellin (GA), and indoleacetic acid (IAA) content significantly decreased. A total of 7668 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected using RNA-seq, of which 2543 were upregulated and 5125 were downregulated. A total of 165 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were detected using iTRAQ, of which 68 were upregulated and 97 were downregulated. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the diterpene biosynthesis pathway, tryptophan metabolism pathway, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway were significantly enriched at both the transcriptional and protein levels. As a result, we can formulate the following hypothesis about the <i>dw-1</i> dwarfing phenotype: the downregulation of genes and proteins related to IAA and GA biosynthesis is associated with the dwarf phenotype’s formation, and metabolic pathways related to lignin synthesis, such as phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, also play an important role. Our work will contribute to a new understanding of the genes and proteins involved in the blue fescue dwarf phenotype. |
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| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-07afa5f718aa438fb19908e2cfd85da52025-08-20T01:55:38ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472024-11-011323335710.3390/plants13233357RNA-Seq Transcriptomics and iTRAQ Proteomics Analysis Reveal the Dwarfing Mechanism of Blue Fescue (<i>Festuca glauca</i>)Yong Zhang0Peng Han1Ruijie Zhao2Shuhan Yu3Hang Liu4Hong Wu5Jinyang Weng6Hengfeng Zhang7School of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture, Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou 225300, ChinaCollege of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaCollege of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaCollege of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, ChinaSchool of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture, Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou 225300, ChinaSchool of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture, Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou 225300, ChinaSchool of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture, Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou 225300, ChinaSchool of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture, Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou 225300, ChinaBlue fescue is a widely used ornamental grass because of its strong ecological adaptability. To maintain the optimal ornamental plant shape, blue fescue requires many nutrients and labor. Using dwarf varieties with slow growth is an effective way to fulfill these requirements. In this study, we investigated the dwarfing mechanism of <i>dw-1</i>, a blue fescue dwarfing mutant, using physiological, transcriptomic, and proteomic methods. The peroxidase (POD) enzyme activity and chlorophyll content of <i>dw-1</i> significantly increased, while the lignin, gibberellin (GA), and indoleacetic acid (IAA) content significantly decreased. A total of 7668 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected using RNA-seq, of which 2543 were upregulated and 5125 were downregulated. A total of 165 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were detected using iTRAQ, of which 68 were upregulated and 97 were downregulated. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the diterpene biosynthesis pathway, tryptophan metabolism pathway, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway were significantly enriched at both the transcriptional and protein levels. As a result, we can formulate the following hypothesis about the <i>dw-1</i> dwarfing phenotype: the downregulation of genes and proteins related to IAA and GA biosynthesis is associated with the dwarf phenotype’s formation, and metabolic pathways related to lignin synthesis, such as phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, also play an important role. Our work will contribute to a new understanding of the genes and proteins involved in the blue fescue dwarf phenotype.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/23/3357blue fescuedwarfing mechanismGAsIAAlignin |
| spellingShingle | Yong Zhang Peng Han Ruijie Zhao Shuhan Yu Hang Liu Hong Wu Jinyang Weng Hengfeng Zhang RNA-Seq Transcriptomics and iTRAQ Proteomics Analysis Reveal the Dwarfing Mechanism of Blue Fescue (<i>Festuca glauca</i>) Plants blue fescue dwarfing mechanism GAs IAA lignin |
| title | RNA-Seq Transcriptomics and iTRAQ Proteomics Analysis Reveal the Dwarfing Mechanism of Blue Fescue (<i>Festuca glauca</i>) |
| title_full | RNA-Seq Transcriptomics and iTRAQ Proteomics Analysis Reveal the Dwarfing Mechanism of Blue Fescue (<i>Festuca glauca</i>) |
| title_fullStr | RNA-Seq Transcriptomics and iTRAQ Proteomics Analysis Reveal the Dwarfing Mechanism of Blue Fescue (<i>Festuca glauca</i>) |
| title_full_unstemmed | RNA-Seq Transcriptomics and iTRAQ Proteomics Analysis Reveal the Dwarfing Mechanism of Blue Fescue (<i>Festuca glauca</i>) |
| title_short | RNA-Seq Transcriptomics and iTRAQ Proteomics Analysis Reveal the Dwarfing Mechanism of Blue Fescue (<i>Festuca glauca</i>) |
| title_sort | rna seq transcriptomics and itraq proteomics analysis reveal the dwarfing mechanism of blue fescue i festuca glauca i |
| topic | blue fescue dwarfing mechanism GAs IAA lignin |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/23/3357 |
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