Understanding dental pulp inflammation: from signaling to structure

The pulp is a unique tissue within each tooth that is susceptible to painful inflammation, known as pulpitis, triggered by microbial invasion from carious lesions or trauma that affect many individuals. The host response involves complex immunological processes for pathogen defense and dentin apposi...

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Main Authors: Sandra Pohl, Tobias Akamp, Martyna Smeda, Stefan Uderhardt, David Besold, Gabriel Krastl, Kerstin M. Galler, Wolfgang Buchalla, Matthias Widbiller
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2024-10-01
Series:Frontiers in Immunology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1474466/full
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author Sandra Pohl
Tobias Akamp
Martyna Smeda
Stefan Uderhardt
David Besold
Gabriel Krastl
Kerstin M. Galler
Wolfgang Buchalla
Matthias Widbiller
author_facet Sandra Pohl
Tobias Akamp
Martyna Smeda
Stefan Uderhardt
David Besold
Gabriel Krastl
Kerstin M. Galler
Wolfgang Buchalla
Matthias Widbiller
author_sort Sandra Pohl
collection DOAJ
description The pulp is a unique tissue within each tooth that is susceptible to painful inflammation, known as pulpitis, triggered by microbial invasion from carious lesions or trauma that affect many individuals. The host response involves complex immunological processes for pathogen defense and dentin apposition at the site of infection. The interplay of signaling between the immune and non-immune cells via cytokines, chemokines, neuropeptides, proteases, and reactive nitrogen and oxygen species leads to tissue reactions and structural changes in the pulp that escalate beyond a certain threshold to irreversible tissue damage. If left untreated, the inflammation, which is initially localized, can progress to pulpal necrosis, requiring root canal treatment and adversely affecting the prognosis of the tooth. To preserve pulp vitality and dental health, a deeper understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of pulpitis is imperative. In particular, elucidating the links between signaling pathways, clinical symptoms, and spatiotemporal spread is essential to develop novel therapeutic strategies and push the boundaries of vital pulp therapy.
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publishDate 2024-10-01
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
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series Frontiers in Immunology
spelling doaj-art-07a8cdf18bbb405bac27a2c7b6e7523c2025-08-20T02:12:10ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242024-10-011510.3389/fimmu.2024.14744661474466Understanding dental pulp inflammation: from signaling to structureSandra Pohl0Tobias Akamp1Martyna Smeda2Stefan Uderhardt3David Besold4Gabriel Krastl5Kerstin M. Galler6Wolfgang Buchalla7Matthias Widbiller8Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, GermanyDepartment of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, GermanyDepartment of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, GermanyMedical Department 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, GermanyDepartment of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, GermanyDepartment of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, GermanyDepartment of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, GermanyDepartment of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, GermanyDepartment of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, GermanyThe pulp is a unique tissue within each tooth that is susceptible to painful inflammation, known as pulpitis, triggered by microbial invasion from carious lesions or trauma that affect many individuals. The host response involves complex immunological processes for pathogen defense and dentin apposition at the site of infection. The interplay of signaling between the immune and non-immune cells via cytokines, chemokines, neuropeptides, proteases, and reactive nitrogen and oxygen species leads to tissue reactions and structural changes in the pulp that escalate beyond a certain threshold to irreversible tissue damage. If left untreated, the inflammation, which is initially localized, can progress to pulpal necrosis, requiring root canal treatment and adversely affecting the prognosis of the tooth. To preserve pulp vitality and dental health, a deeper understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of pulpitis is imperative. In particular, elucidating the links between signaling pathways, clinical symptoms, and spatiotemporal spread is essential to develop novel therapeutic strategies and push the boundaries of vital pulp therapy.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1474466/fulldental pulpimmunitypulpitisinflammationdentindental caries
spellingShingle Sandra Pohl
Tobias Akamp
Martyna Smeda
Stefan Uderhardt
David Besold
Gabriel Krastl
Kerstin M. Galler
Wolfgang Buchalla
Matthias Widbiller
Understanding dental pulp inflammation: from signaling to structure
Frontiers in Immunology
dental pulp
immunity
pulpitis
inflammation
dentin
dental caries
title Understanding dental pulp inflammation: from signaling to structure
title_full Understanding dental pulp inflammation: from signaling to structure
title_fullStr Understanding dental pulp inflammation: from signaling to structure
title_full_unstemmed Understanding dental pulp inflammation: from signaling to structure
title_short Understanding dental pulp inflammation: from signaling to structure
title_sort understanding dental pulp inflammation from signaling to structure
topic dental pulp
immunity
pulpitis
inflammation
dentin
dental caries
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1474466/full
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