Root resorption caused by aligners, self-ligating appliances, and conventional fixed appliances: a CBCT-based meta-analysis

Abstract Background Orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR) is a common adverse effect of orthodontic treatments. Radiographs are routinely used to diagnose OIIRR; however, 3-dimensional cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) studies have recently been conducted to assess hard tis...

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Main Authors: Patrik Kreuter, Kata Sára Haba, Szilvia Kiss-Dala, Petrana Martineková, Emese Ábrám, Andrea Bródy, Dániel Végh, Péter Hegyi, Noémi Katinka Rózsa, Dorottya Bányai
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Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:BMC Oral Health
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-06639-2
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author Patrik Kreuter
Kata Sára Haba
Szilvia Kiss-Dala
Petrana Martineková
Emese Ábrám
Andrea Bródy
Dániel Végh
Péter Hegyi
Noémi Katinka Rózsa
Dorottya Bányai
author_facet Patrik Kreuter
Kata Sára Haba
Szilvia Kiss-Dala
Petrana Martineková
Emese Ábrám
Andrea Bródy
Dániel Végh
Péter Hegyi
Noémi Katinka Rózsa
Dorottya Bányai
author_sort Patrik Kreuter
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR) is a common adverse effect of orthodontic treatments. Radiographs are routinely used to diagnose OIIRR; however, 3-dimensional cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) studies have recently been conducted to assess hard tissue loss more accurately. There is controversial evidence of differences between aligners and fixed appliances in terms of OIIRR. This meta-analysis aims to investigate the differences in OIIRR between fixed appliances and aligners based on recent CBCT-based studies. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted after PROSPERO registration. Four databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, Scopus) were systematically screened to identify studies reporting on (P) patients with full permanent dentition treated with (I) aligners or (C) fixed orthodontic appliances that reported on (O) root resorption detected by CBCT, without any date or language restrictions. Exclusion criteria included incomplete dentition, root canal treatment, dental trauma, previous root resorption, and developmental abnormalities. Means and mean differences were used as effect size measures, Chi-squared tests for subgroup differences, and I2 values for heterogeneity were calculated. Risk of bias was evaluated using ROBINS-I and RoB2 tools. Results The meta-analysis included five studies with 334 participants. Data on upper incisors were sufficient for analysis. Differences in OIIRR between aligners and fixed appliances did not reach statistical significance (p > 0.05), and neither group presented clinically relevant OIIRR (< 1 mm). A moderate to high risk of bias was present. Discussion All treatment modalities caused similar, clinically irrelevant levels of OIIRR in the investigated population. The treatment modality should be selected based on biomechanics, expected outcomes, and individual preferences. Clinicians should not prioritize aligners over fixed appliances in the non-risk population in fear of OIIRR. The results should be interpreted cautiously due to the risk of bias and heterogeneity. Registration PROSPERO: CRD42023481411.
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institution Kabale University
issn 1472-6831
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher BMC
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series BMC Oral Health
spelling doaj-art-07a6828150ca4c9db886d290fd8f9c762025-08-20T03:46:23ZengBMCBMC Oral Health1472-68312025-07-0125111210.1186/s12903-025-06639-2Root resorption caused by aligners, self-ligating appliances, and conventional fixed appliances: a CBCT-based meta-analysisPatrik Kreuter0Kata Sára Haba1Szilvia Kiss-Dala2Petrana Martineková3Emese Ábrám4Andrea Bródy5Dániel Végh6Péter Hegyi7Noémi Katinka Rózsa8Dorottya Bányai9Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Semmelweis UniversityDepartment of Prosthodontics, Semmelweis UniversityCentre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis UniversityCentre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis UniversityDepartment of Prosthodontics, Semmelweis UniversityDepartment of Oral Diagnostics, Semmelweis UniversityDepartment of Prosthodontics, Semmelweis UniversityCentre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis UniversityDepartment of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Semmelweis UniversityDepartment of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Semmelweis UniversityAbstract Background Orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR) is a common adverse effect of orthodontic treatments. Radiographs are routinely used to diagnose OIIRR; however, 3-dimensional cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) studies have recently been conducted to assess hard tissue loss more accurately. There is controversial evidence of differences between aligners and fixed appliances in terms of OIIRR. This meta-analysis aims to investigate the differences in OIIRR between fixed appliances and aligners based on recent CBCT-based studies. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted after PROSPERO registration. Four databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, Scopus) were systematically screened to identify studies reporting on (P) patients with full permanent dentition treated with (I) aligners or (C) fixed orthodontic appliances that reported on (O) root resorption detected by CBCT, without any date or language restrictions. Exclusion criteria included incomplete dentition, root canal treatment, dental trauma, previous root resorption, and developmental abnormalities. Means and mean differences were used as effect size measures, Chi-squared tests for subgroup differences, and I2 values for heterogeneity were calculated. Risk of bias was evaluated using ROBINS-I and RoB2 tools. Results The meta-analysis included five studies with 334 participants. Data on upper incisors were sufficient for analysis. Differences in OIIRR between aligners and fixed appliances did not reach statistical significance (p > 0.05), and neither group presented clinically relevant OIIRR (< 1 mm). A moderate to high risk of bias was present. Discussion All treatment modalities caused similar, clinically irrelevant levels of OIIRR in the investigated population. The treatment modality should be selected based on biomechanics, expected outcomes, and individual preferences. Clinicians should not prioritize aligners over fixed appliances in the non-risk population in fear of OIIRR. The results should be interpreted cautiously due to the risk of bias and heterogeneity. Registration PROSPERO: CRD42023481411.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-06639-2CBCTRoot resorptionAlignerFixed appliancesSelf-ligating
spellingShingle Patrik Kreuter
Kata Sára Haba
Szilvia Kiss-Dala
Petrana Martineková
Emese Ábrám
Andrea Bródy
Dániel Végh
Péter Hegyi
Noémi Katinka Rózsa
Dorottya Bányai
Root resorption caused by aligners, self-ligating appliances, and conventional fixed appliances: a CBCT-based meta-analysis
BMC Oral Health
CBCT
Root resorption
Aligner
Fixed appliances
Self-ligating
title Root resorption caused by aligners, self-ligating appliances, and conventional fixed appliances: a CBCT-based meta-analysis
title_full Root resorption caused by aligners, self-ligating appliances, and conventional fixed appliances: a CBCT-based meta-analysis
title_fullStr Root resorption caused by aligners, self-ligating appliances, and conventional fixed appliances: a CBCT-based meta-analysis
title_full_unstemmed Root resorption caused by aligners, self-ligating appliances, and conventional fixed appliances: a CBCT-based meta-analysis
title_short Root resorption caused by aligners, self-ligating appliances, and conventional fixed appliances: a CBCT-based meta-analysis
title_sort root resorption caused by aligners self ligating appliances and conventional fixed appliances a cbct based meta analysis
topic CBCT
Root resorption
Aligner
Fixed appliances
Self-ligating
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-06639-2
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