Reducing the Hypothetical Bias in Measuring Willingness to Pay for Mobile Communication Products

Willingness to pay (WTP) measurements often contain a hypothetical bias (HB) when participants’ responses result from ‘fictitious’ survey scenarios rather than actual purchasing behavior or field studies. This discrepancy usually leads to inaccurate WTP values, which affect pricing strategies. Our q...

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Main Authors: Jasmin Ebert, Peter Winzer, Carina Müller
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/0718-1876/20/2/122
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author Jasmin Ebert
Peter Winzer
Carina Müller
author_facet Jasmin Ebert
Peter Winzer
Carina Müller
author_sort Jasmin Ebert
collection DOAJ
description Willingness to pay (WTP) measurements often contain a hypothetical bias (HB) when participants’ responses result from ‘fictitious’ survey scenarios rather than actual purchasing behavior or field studies. This discrepancy usually leads to inaccurate WTP values, which affect pricing strategies. Our quantitative online survey with German consumers (N = 215) examines the HB of WTP for different mobile phone plans as an example of a widespread consumer good. The aim is to focus on the correlation between hypothetical and actual WTP and the influence of socio-demographic factors on the HB. We used the Certainty Approach to correct hypothetical WTP data to reflect actual payment behavior. The findings show that hypothetical WTP values are generally higher than current expenditure, which demonstrates that HB significantly affects WTP measurements in the context of mobile communications products. The applied Certainty Approach successfully reduced this discrepancy. We found a moderate negative correlation between actual WTP and the extent of the HB, indicating that higher actual WTP is associated with lower bias. Moreover, socio-demographic factors such as age and income do not significantly influence the HB. This study suggests pricing strategies should consider HB-adjusted WTP values to avoid management decisions based on inflated hypothetical data.
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spelling doaj-art-079ead955d8a45f4a9291564012444ed2025-08-20T03:27:17ZengMDPI AGJournal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research0718-18762025-06-0120212210.3390/jtaer20020122Reducing the Hypothetical Bias in Measuring Willingness to Pay for Mobile Communication ProductsJasmin Ebert0Peter Winzer1Carina Müller2Department of Design Computer Science Media, RheinMain University of Applied Sciences, 65195 Wiesbaden, GermanyDepartment of Design Computer Science Media, RheinMain University of Applied Sciences, 65195 Wiesbaden, GermanyDepartment of Design Computer Science Media, RheinMain University of Applied Sciences, 65195 Wiesbaden, GermanyWillingness to pay (WTP) measurements often contain a hypothetical bias (HB) when participants’ responses result from ‘fictitious’ survey scenarios rather than actual purchasing behavior or field studies. This discrepancy usually leads to inaccurate WTP values, which affect pricing strategies. Our quantitative online survey with German consumers (N = 215) examines the HB of WTP for different mobile phone plans as an example of a widespread consumer good. The aim is to focus on the correlation between hypothetical and actual WTP and the influence of socio-demographic factors on the HB. We used the Certainty Approach to correct hypothetical WTP data to reflect actual payment behavior. The findings show that hypothetical WTP values are generally higher than current expenditure, which demonstrates that HB significantly affects WTP measurements in the context of mobile communications products. The applied Certainty Approach successfully reduced this discrepancy. We found a moderate negative correlation between actual WTP and the extent of the HB, indicating that higher actual WTP is associated with lower bias. Moreover, socio-demographic factors such as age and income do not significantly influence the HB. This study suggests pricing strategies should consider HB-adjusted WTP values to avoid management decisions based on inflated hypothetical data.https://www.mdpi.com/0718-1876/20/2/122willingness to payhypothetical biascertainty approachpricing strategiesmobile communications productsquantitative online survey
spellingShingle Jasmin Ebert
Peter Winzer
Carina Müller
Reducing the Hypothetical Bias in Measuring Willingness to Pay for Mobile Communication Products
Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research
willingness to pay
hypothetical bias
certainty approach
pricing strategies
mobile communications products
quantitative online survey
title Reducing the Hypothetical Bias in Measuring Willingness to Pay for Mobile Communication Products
title_full Reducing the Hypothetical Bias in Measuring Willingness to Pay for Mobile Communication Products
title_fullStr Reducing the Hypothetical Bias in Measuring Willingness to Pay for Mobile Communication Products
title_full_unstemmed Reducing the Hypothetical Bias in Measuring Willingness to Pay for Mobile Communication Products
title_short Reducing the Hypothetical Bias in Measuring Willingness to Pay for Mobile Communication Products
title_sort reducing the hypothetical bias in measuring willingness to pay for mobile communication products
topic willingness to pay
hypothetical bias
certainty approach
pricing strategies
mobile communications products
quantitative online survey
url https://www.mdpi.com/0718-1876/20/2/122
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