Enhancements on the Latitudinal and Seasonal Bias Corrections in the SMOS Debiased Non-Bayesian Sea Surface Salinity Retrieval

The soil moisture and ocean salinity (SMOS) satellite mission, launched in 2009, provides global measurements of sea surface salinity (SSS) using L-band radiometry. In this article, we revisit the algorithms to empirically correct the residual latitudinal and seasonal biases seen in the debiased non...

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Main Authors: Aina Garcia-Espriu, Estrella Olmedo, Veronica Gonzalez-Gambau, Cristina Gonzalez-Haro, Antonio Turiel, Yoann Rey-Ricord, Eric Jeansou, Roberto Sabia, Raffaele Crapolicchio, Roger Oliva
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2025-01-01
Series:IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing
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Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11021587/
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author Aina Garcia-Espriu
Estrella Olmedo
Veronica Gonzalez-Gambau
Cristina Gonzalez-Haro
Antonio Turiel
Yoann Rey-Ricord
Eric Jeansou
Roberto Sabia
Raffaele Crapolicchio
Roger Oliva
author_facet Aina Garcia-Espriu
Estrella Olmedo
Veronica Gonzalez-Gambau
Cristina Gonzalez-Haro
Antonio Turiel
Yoann Rey-Ricord
Eric Jeansou
Roberto Sabia
Raffaele Crapolicchio
Roger Oliva
author_sort Aina Garcia-Espriu
collection DOAJ
description The soil moisture and ocean salinity (SMOS) satellite mission, launched in 2009, provides global measurements of sea surface salinity (SSS) using L-band radiometry. In this article, we revisit the algorithms to empirically correct the residual latitudinal and seasonal biases seen in the debiased non-Bayesian (DNB) retrieval algorithm. We characterize these biases that affect the retrieved SSS and derive empirical corrections to mitigate them. We also revisit the filtering criteria for the new release of brightness temperature (v724). We compare the SSS retrieved by using different DNB filtering configurations with in-situ Argo measurements and discuss the importance of these corrections and the optimal configuration parameters for the generation of the Level 3 SSS maps. We observe significant improvements in the retrieved SSS when compared to the ones retrieved in the Barcelona Expert Center global SSS product v2.
format Article
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institution Kabale University
issn 1939-1404
2151-1535
language English
publishDate 2025-01-01
publisher IEEE
record_format Article
series IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing
spelling doaj-art-07953fb223264c40bf686141bd5176fc2025-08-20T03:27:14ZengIEEEIEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing1939-14042151-15352025-01-0118150561506810.1109/JSTARS.2025.357547311021587Enhancements on the Latitudinal and Seasonal Bias Corrections in the SMOS Debiased Non-Bayesian Sea Surface Salinity RetrievalAina Garcia-Espriu0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9793-5547Estrella Olmedo1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3178-1554Veronica Gonzalez-Gambau2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6380-3754Cristina Gonzalez-Haro3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4602-852XAntonio Turiel4https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6103-224XYoann Rey-Ricord5Eric Jeansou6Roberto Sabia7Raffaele Crapolicchio8https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4135-9186Roger Oliva9https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4335-9609Barcelona Expert Center (BEC) and Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM), CSIC, P. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, Barcelona, SpainBarcelona Expert Center (BEC) and Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM), CSIC, P. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, Barcelona, SpainBarcelona Expert Center (BEC) and Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM), CSIC, P. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, Barcelona, SpainBarcelona Expert Center (BEC) and Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM), CSIC, P. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, Barcelona, SpainBarcelona Expert Center (BEC) and Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM), CSIC, P. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, Barcelona, SpainArgans, Chamberlain House, 1 Research Way, PLYMOUTH, PL6 8BU, UK & 260 Route du Pin Montard BP 234, Sophia Antipolis, FranceArgans, Chamberlain House, 1 Research Way, PLYMOUTH, PL6 8BU, UK & 260 Route du Pin Montard BP 234, Sophia Antipolis, FranceEuropean Space Research Institute, European Space Agency, Frascati, ItalyEuropean Space Research Institute, European Space Agency, Frascati, ItalyZenithal Blue Technologies, Barcelona, SpainThe soil moisture and ocean salinity (SMOS) satellite mission, launched in 2009, provides global measurements of sea surface salinity (SSS) using L-band radiometry. In this article, we revisit the algorithms to empirically correct the residual latitudinal and seasonal biases seen in the debiased non-Bayesian (DNB) retrieval algorithm. We characterize these biases that affect the retrieved SSS and derive empirical corrections to mitigate them. We also revisit the filtering criteria for the new release of brightness temperature (v724). We compare the SSS retrieved by using different DNB filtering configurations with in-situ Argo measurements and discuss the importance of these corrections and the optimal configuration parameters for the generation of the Level 3 SSS maps. We observe significant improvements in the retrieved SSS when compared to the ones retrieved in the Barcelona Expert Center global SSS product v2.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11021587/Bias empirical correctiondata processinglatitudinal and seasonal biasessatellite sea surface salinity (SSS)soil moisture and ocean salinity (SMOS)
spellingShingle Aina Garcia-Espriu
Estrella Olmedo
Veronica Gonzalez-Gambau
Cristina Gonzalez-Haro
Antonio Turiel
Yoann Rey-Ricord
Eric Jeansou
Roberto Sabia
Raffaele Crapolicchio
Roger Oliva
Enhancements on the Latitudinal and Seasonal Bias Corrections in the SMOS Debiased Non-Bayesian Sea Surface Salinity Retrieval
IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing
Bias empirical correction
data processing
latitudinal and seasonal biases
satellite sea surface salinity (SSS)
soil moisture and ocean salinity (SMOS)
title Enhancements on the Latitudinal and Seasonal Bias Corrections in the SMOS Debiased Non-Bayesian Sea Surface Salinity Retrieval
title_full Enhancements on the Latitudinal and Seasonal Bias Corrections in the SMOS Debiased Non-Bayesian Sea Surface Salinity Retrieval
title_fullStr Enhancements on the Latitudinal and Seasonal Bias Corrections in the SMOS Debiased Non-Bayesian Sea Surface Salinity Retrieval
title_full_unstemmed Enhancements on the Latitudinal and Seasonal Bias Corrections in the SMOS Debiased Non-Bayesian Sea Surface Salinity Retrieval
title_short Enhancements on the Latitudinal and Seasonal Bias Corrections in the SMOS Debiased Non-Bayesian Sea Surface Salinity Retrieval
title_sort enhancements on the latitudinal and seasonal bias corrections in the smos debiased non bayesian sea surface salinity retrieval
topic Bias empirical correction
data processing
latitudinal and seasonal biases
satellite sea surface salinity (SSS)
soil moisture and ocean salinity (SMOS)
url https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11021587/
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