Shear‐Layer Thickness and Structure Evolves With Effective Stress in Subglacial Environments

Abstract Moving glaciers shear and deform the subglacial till beneath them, with deformation concentrated in a thin shear‐layer. This shear‐layer's properties are partially controlled by effective stress, which depends on ice thicknesses and subglacial hydrological networks. Understanding the r...

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Main Authors: Ian Madden, Dougal D. Hansen, Lucas K. Zoet, Jenny Suckale
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-03-01
Series:Geophysical Research Letters
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL114109
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author Ian Madden
Dougal D. Hansen
Lucas K. Zoet
Jenny Suckale
author_facet Ian Madden
Dougal D. Hansen
Lucas K. Zoet
Jenny Suckale
author_sort Ian Madden
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Moving glaciers shear and deform the subglacial till beneath them, with deformation concentrated in a thin shear‐layer. This shear‐layer's properties are partially controlled by effective stress, which depends on ice thicknesses and subglacial hydrological networks. Understanding the relationship between effective stress and shear‐layer thickness helps characterize basal resistance to ice motion and inform subglacial landform formation. While experiments agree increasing effective stresses beget decreasing shear‐layer thicknesses at high effective stresses, a trend is unclear at low effective stresses. Continuum models predict that increased effective stresses yield increasing shear‐layer thicknesses, inconsistent with experiments. Here, we identify how properties of a medium's persistent contact network lead to non‐monotonic shear‐layer thicknesses in effective stress through Discrete Element Method simulations. We find effective stress can alter both shear‐layer thickness and structure, and thereby depth‐averaged friction. We integrate these insights into an existing continuum model by modifying its yield parameters, resolving inconsistency between model and experiment.
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institution Kabale University
issn 0094-8276
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publishDate 2025-03-01
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series Geophysical Research Letters
spelling doaj-art-0787e88c46744b4f9fd3ea0754de7dbd2025-08-20T03:52:32ZengWileyGeophysical Research Letters0094-82761944-80072025-03-01526n/an/a10.1029/2024GL114109Shear‐Layer Thickness and Structure Evolves With Effective Stress in Subglacial EnvironmentsIan Madden0Dougal D. Hansen1Lucas K. Zoet2Jenny Suckale3Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering Stanford University Stanford CA USAUniversity of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison WI USAUniversity of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison WI USAInstitute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering Stanford University Stanford CA USAAbstract Moving glaciers shear and deform the subglacial till beneath them, with deformation concentrated in a thin shear‐layer. This shear‐layer's properties are partially controlled by effective stress, which depends on ice thicknesses and subglacial hydrological networks. Understanding the relationship between effective stress and shear‐layer thickness helps characterize basal resistance to ice motion and inform subglacial landform formation. While experiments agree increasing effective stresses beget decreasing shear‐layer thicknesses at high effective stresses, a trend is unclear at low effective stresses. Continuum models predict that increased effective stresses yield increasing shear‐layer thicknesses, inconsistent with experiments. Here, we identify how properties of a medium's persistent contact network lead to non‐monotonic shear‐layer thicknesses in effective stress through Discrete Element Method simulations. We find effective stress can alter both shear‐layer thickness and structure, and thereby depth‐averaged friction. We integrate these insights into an existing continuum model by modifying its yield parameters, resolving inconsistency between model and experiment.https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL114109
spellingShingle Ian Madden
Dougal D. Hansen
Lucas K. Zoet
Jenny Suckale
Shear‐Layer Thickness and Structure Evolves With Effective Stress in Subglacial Environments
Geophysical Research Letters
title Shear‐Layer Thickness and Structure Evolves With Effective Stress in Subglacial Environments
title_full Shear‐Layer Thickness and Structure Evolves With Effective Stress in Subglacial Environments
title_fullStr Shear‐Layer Thickness and Structure Evolves With Effective Stress in Subglacial Environments
title_full_unstemmed Shear‐Layer Thickness and Structure Evolves With Effective Stress in Subglacial Environments
title_short Shear‐Layer Thickness and Structure Evolves With Effective Stress in Subglacial Environments
title_sort shear layer thickness and structure evolves with effective stress in subglacial environments
url https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL114109
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AT lucaskzoet shearlayerthicknessandstructureevolveswitheffectivestressinsubglacialenvironments
AT jennysuckale shearlayerthicknessandstructureevolveswitheffectivestressinsubglacialenvironments