Effects of Structural Configurations on the Bending Performance and Dimensional Stability of Laminated Bamboo Made from Two Gigantochloa Species

Engineered laminated bamboo plays a crucial role in structural applications, addressing challenges such as bamboo’s natural variability, species differences, adhesives, and loading direction. This study examines the bending performance of three-layered laminated bamboo configurations using two speci...

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Main Authors: Norwahyuni Mohd Yusof, Mohd Zuhri Mohamed Yusoff, Pairdah Md Tahir, Redzuan Mohammad Suffian James, Mohd Khairun Anwar Uyup, Petar Antov, Juliana Abdul Halip, Izwan Johari, Seng Hua Lee
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: North Carolina State University 2025-07-01
Series:BioResources
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Online Access:https://ojs.bioresources.com/index.php/BRJ/article/view/24300
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author Norwahyuni Mohd Yusof
Mohd Zuhri Mohamed Yusoff
Pairdah Md Tahir
Redzuan Mohammad Suffian James
Mohd Khairun Anwar Uyup
Petar Antov
Juliana Abdul Halip
Izwan Johari
Seng Hua Lee
author_facet Norwahyuni Mohd Yusof
Mohd Zuhri Mohamed Yusoff
Pairdah Md Tahir
Redzuan Mohammad Suffian James
Mohd Khairun Anwar Uyup
Petar Antov
Juliana Abdul Halip
Izwan Johari
Seng Hua Lee
author_sort Norwahyuni Mohd Yusof
collection DOAJ
description Engineered laminated bamboo plays a crucial role in structural applications, addressing challenges such as bamboo’s natural variability, species differences, adhesives, and loading direction. This study examines the bending performance of three-layered laminated bamboo configurations using two species, Gigantochloa scortechinii and G. levis, bonded with phenol-resorcinol-formaldehyde (PRF) and polyurethane (PUR) adhesives. Laminated bamboo was assembled with lay-up patterns (parallel and perpendicular) and arrangements (vertical, horizontal, and mixed). Four-point bending tests under flatwise and edgewise loading were used to determine flexural performance and failure modes. Results showed that PUR-bonded bamboo had lower thickness swelling (TS) and water absorption (WA). While bamboo species did not significantly affect bending performance, the adhesive type, lay-up pattern, and arrangement were influential. Flatwise loading improved the modulus of elasticity (MOE) by 5% but reduced the modulus of rupture (MOR) by 10% compared to    edgewise loading. PRF-bonded bamboo outperformed PUR in strength, making it preferable for structural use. Vertical arrangements with PRF and PUR adhesives yielded optimal bending performance, emphasizing the importance of adhesive selection and configuration in enhancing laminated bamboo’s structural properties.
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institution Kabale University
issn 1930-2126
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publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher North Carolina State University
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series BioResources
spelling doaj-art-07756432e16e40ffac8225317de0fad62025-08-20T03:43:55ZengNorth Carolina State UniversityBioResources1930-21262025-07-01203775977872572Effects of Structural Configurations on the Bending Performance and Dimensional Stability of Laminated Bamboo Made from Two Gigantochloa SpeciesNorwahyuni Mohd Yusof0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2549-437XMohd Zuhri Mohamed Yusoff1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1069-7345Pairdah Md Tahir2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2961-6031Redzuan Mohammad Suffian James3https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8915-437XMohd Khairun Anwar Uyup4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3787-9907Petar Antov5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3837-5380Juliana Abdul Halip6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5566-0394Izwan Johari7https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6544-2780Seng Hua Lee8https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6369-9902Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, MalaysiaInstitute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites Research Centre (AEMC), Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, MalaysiaInstitute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Faculty of Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, MalaysiaInstitute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, MalaysiaForest Research Institute Malaysia, 52109 Kepong, Selangor, MalaysiaFaculty of Forest Industry, University of Forestry, 1797 Sofia, BulgariaFaculty of Technology Management and Business, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, MalaysiaSchool of Civil Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, MalaysiaDepartment of Wood Industry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Pahang Branch Jengka Campus, 26400 Bandar Tun Razak, Pahang, Malaysia; Institute for Infrastructure Engineering and Sustainable Management (IIESM), Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, MalaysiaEngineered laminated bamboo plays a crucial role in structural applications, addressing challenges such as bamboo’s natural variability, species differences, adhesives, and loading direction. This study examines the bending performance of three-layered laminated bamboo configurations using two species, Gigantochloa scortechinii and G. levis, bonded with phenol-resorcinol-formaldehyde (PRF) and polyurethane (PUR) adhesives. Laminated bamboo was assembled with lay-up patterns (parallel and perpendicular) and arrangements (vertical, horizontal, and mixed). Four-point bending tests under flatwise and edgewise loading were used to determine flexural performance and failure modes. Results showed that PUR-bonded bamboo had lower thickness swelling (TS) and water absorption (WA). While bamboo species did not significantly affect bending performance, the adhesive type, lay-up pattern, and arrangement were influential. Flatwise loading improved the modulus of elasticity (MOE) by 5% but reduced the modulus of rupture (MOR) by 10% compared to    edgewise loading. PRF-bonded bamboo outperformed PUR in strength, making it preferable for structural use. Vertical arrangements with PRF and PUR adhesives yielded optimal bending performance, emphasizing the importance of adhesive selection and configuration in enhancing laminated bamboo’s structural properties.https://ojs.bioresources.com/index.php/BRJ/article/view/24300engineered bamboolaminated bamboobendingconfigurationsloading directionfailure modes
spellingShingle Norwahyuni Mohd Yusof
Mohd Zuhri Mohamed Yusoff
Pairdah Md Tahir
Redzuan Mohammad Suffian James
Mohd Khairun Anwar Uyup
Petar Antov
Juliana Abdul Halip
Izwan Johari
Seng Hua Lee
Effects of Structural Configurations on the Bending Performance and Dimensional Stability of Laminated Bamboo Made from Two Gigantochloa Species
BioResources
engineered bamboo
laminated bamboo
bending
configurations
loading direction
failure modes
title Effects of Structural Configurations on the Bending Performance and Dimensional Stability of Laminated Bamboo Made from Two Gigantochloa Species
title_full Effects of Structural Configurations on the Bending Performance and Dimensional Stability of Laminated Bamboo Made from Two Gigantochloa Species
title_fullStr Effects of Structural Configurations on the Bending Performance and Dimensional Stability of Laminated Bamboo Made from Two Gigantochloa Species
title_full_unstemmed Effects of Structural Configurations on the Bending Performance and Dimensional Stability of Laminated Bamboo Made from Two Gigantochloa Species
title_short Effects of Structural Configurations on the Bending Performance and Dimensional Stability of Laminated Bamboo Made from Two Gigantochloa Species
title_sort effects of structural configurations on the bending performance and dimensional stability of laminated bamboo made from two gigantochloa species
topic engineered bamboo
laminated bamboo
bending
configurations
loading direction
failure modes
url https://ojs.bioresources.com/index.php/BRJ/article/view/24300
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