A Compact Five-Band Omnidirectional RF Ambient Energy Harvesting System for IoT Applications

A compact multiband RF energy harvesting system designed for IoT applications is proposed, operating at 0.94 GHz, 1.8 GHz, 2.1 GHz, 2.6 GHz, and 3.5 GHz. The RF system consists of an omnidirectional modified monopole antenna, a compact multiband rectifier, and an energy management module. In order t...

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Main Authors: Wenjun Wang, Jingwei Zhang, Xin Sun, Haoran Zu, Daping He
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2025-01-01
Series:IEEE Access
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Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11004013/
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author Wenjun Wang
Jingwei Zhang
Xin Sun
Haoran Zu
Daping He
author_facet Wenjun Wang
Jingwei Zhang
Xin Sun
Haoran Zu
Daping He
author_sort Wenjun Wang
collection DOAJ
description A compact multiband RF energy harvesting system designed for IoT applications is proposed, operating at 0.94 GHz, 1.8 GHz, 2.1 GHz, 2.6 GHz, and 3.5 GHz. The RF system consists of an omnidirectional modified monopole antenna, a compact multiband rectifier, and an energy management module. In order to achieve omnidirectional radiation patterns and compact size, the antenna current distribution is carefully controlled to avoid high-order modes of traditional monopoles. The overall size of the proposed rectenna is <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.24\lambda _{L}\times 0.22\lambda _{L}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> (the wavelength at the lowest frequency), and the rectenna achieves the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.2% at 0.94 GHz, 24% at 1.8 GHz, 24.5% at 2.1 GHz, 17.7% at 2.6 GHz, and 16.4% at 3.5 GHz with an incident power level of -20 dBm. In addition, the proposed RF system provides an <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$18.7~\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>W peaking output DC power in outdoor ambient environments and powers a commercial temperature sensor as a demonstration. The experimental results highlight that the proposed RF system achieves multiband operation and a stable omnidirectional radiation pattern, offering enhanced frequency coverage in a compact size and competitive efficiency. It has the potential for efficient ambient energy harvesting and powering IoT devices.
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spelling doaj-art-076a7295aa3d4f1eb6f5a1d6cdd3322a2025-08-20T03:08:13ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362025-01-0113861108611910.1109/ACCESS.2025.356984311004013A Compact Five-Band Omnidirectional RF Ambient Energy Harvesting System for IoT ApplicationsWenjun Wang0Jingwei Zhang1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0657-6193Xin Sun2Haoran Zu3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9721-7593Daping He4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0284-4990School of Physics and Mechanics, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, ChinaSchool of Physics and Mechanics, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, ChinaSchool of Physics and Mechanics, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, ChinaSchool of Physics and Mechanics, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, ChinaSchool of Physics and Mechanics, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, ChinaA compact multiband RF energy harvesting system designed for IoT applications is proposed, operating at 0.94 GHz, 1.8 GHz, 2.1 GHz, 2.6 GHz, and 3.5 GHz. The RF system consists of an omnidirectional modified monopole antenna, a compact multiband rectifier, and an energy management module. In order to achieve omnidirectional radiation patterns and compact size, the antenna current distribution is carefully controlled to avoid high-order modes of traditional monopoles. The overall size of the proposed rectenna is <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.24\lambda _{L}\times 0.22\lambda _{L}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> (the wavelength at the lowest frequency), and the rectenna achieves the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.2% at 0.94 GHz, 24% at 1.8 GHz, 24.5% at 2.1 GHz, 17.7% at 2.6 GHz, and 16.4% at 3.5 GHz with an incident power level of -20 dBm. In addition, the proposed RF system provides an <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$18.7~\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>W peaking output DC power in outdoor ambient environments and powers a commercial temperature sensor as a demonstration. The experimental results highlight that the proposed RF system achieves multiband operation and a stable omnidirectional radiation pattern, offering enhanced frequency coverage in a compact size and competitive efficiency. It has the potential for efficient ambient energy harvesting and powering IoT devices.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11004013/RF energy harvesting systemcompact omnidirectional antennafive-band rectifierspower conversion efficiency (PCE)rectennas
spellingShingle Wenjun Wang
Jingwei Zhang
Xin Sun
Haoran Zu
Daping He
A Compact Five-Band Omnidirectional RF Ambient Energy Harvesting System for IoT Applications
IEEE Access
RF energy harvesting system
compact omnidirectional antenna
five-band rectifiers
power conversion efficiency (PCE)
rectennas
title A Compact Five-Band Omnidirectional RF Ambient Energy Harvesting System for IoT Applications
title_full A Compact Five-Band Omnidirectional RF Ambient Energy Harvesting System for IoT Applications
title_fullStr A Compact Five-Band Omnidirectional RF Ambient Energy Harvesting System for IoT Applications
title_full_unstemmed A Compact Five-Band Omnidirectional RF Ambient Energy Harvesting System for IoT Applications
title_short A Compact Five-Band Omnidirectional RF Ambient Energy Harvesting System for IoT Applications
title_sort compact five band omnidirectional rf ambient energy harvesting system for iot applications
topic RF energy harvesting system
compact omnidirectional antenna
five-band rectifiers
power conversion efficiency (PCE)
rectennas
url https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11004013/
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