Evaluating Methods for Detrending Time Series Using Ordinal Patterns, with an Application to Air Transport Delays

Functional networks have become a standard tool for the analysis of complex systems, allowing the unveiling of their internal connectivity structure while only requiring the observation of the system’s constituent dynamics. To obtain reliable results, one (often overlooked) prerequisite involves the...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Felipe Olivares, F. Javier Marín-Rodríguez, Kishor Acharya, Massimiliano Zanin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Entropy
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/27/3/230
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850090802000166912
author Felipe Olivares
F. Javier Marín-Rodríguez
Kishor Acharya
Massimiliano Zanin
author_facet Felipe Olivares
F. Javier Marín-Rodríguez
Kishor Acharya
Massimiliano Zanin
author_sort Felipe Olivares
collection DOAJ
description Functional networks have become a standard tool for the analysis of complex systems, allowing the unveiling of their internal connectivity structure while only requiring the observation of the system’s constituent dynamics. To obtain reliable results, one (often overlooked) prerequisite involves the stationarity of an analyzed time series, without which spurious functional connections may emerge. Here, we show how ordinal patterns and metrics derived from them can be used to assess the effectiveness of detrending methods. We apply this approach to data representing the evolution of delays in major European and US airports, and to synthetic versions of the same, obtaining operational conclusions about how these propagate in the two systems.
format Article
id doaj-art-076a4d4fe05c44b2869c1a73ddd8e3df
institution DOAJ
issn 1099-4300
language English
publishDate 2025-02-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Entropy
spelling doaj-art-076a4d4fe05c44b2869c1a73ddd8e3df2025-08-20T02:42:29ZengMDPI AGEntropy1099-43002025-02-0127323010.3390/e27030230Evaluating Methods for Detrending Time Series Using Ordinal Patterns, with an Application to Air Transport DelaysFelipe Olivares0F. Javier Marín-Rodríguez1Kishor Acharya2Massimiliano Zanin3Instituto de Física Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos (CSIC-UIB), Campus UIB, 07122 Palma, SpainInstituto de Física Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos (CSIC-UIB), Campus UIB, 07122 Palma, SpainInstituto de Física Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos (CSIC-UIB), Campus UIB, 07122 Palma, SpainInstituto de Física Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos (CSIC-UIB), Campus UIB, 07122 Palma, SpainFunctional networks have become a standard tool for the analysis of complex systems, allowing the unveiling of their internal connectivity structure while only requiring the observation of the system’s constituent dynamics. To obtain reliable results, one (often overlooked) prerequisite involves the stationarity of an analyzed time series, without which spurious functional connections may emerge. Here, we show how ordinal patterns and metrics derived from them can be used to assess the effectiveness of detrending methods. We apply this approach to data representing the evolution of delays in major European and US airports, and to synthetic versions of the same, obtaining operational conclusions about how these propagate in the two systems.https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/27/3/230time seriesstationarityfunctional complex networksordinal patternscausality
spellingShingle Felipe Olivares
F. Javier Marín-Rodríguez
Kishor Acharya
Massimiliano Zanin
Evaluating Methods for Detrending Time Series Using Ordinal Patterns, with an Application to Air Transport Delays
Entropy
time series
stationarity
functional complex networks
ordinal patterns
causality
title Evaluating Methods for Detrending Time Series Using Ordinal Patterns, with an Application to Air Transport Delays
title_full Evaluating Methods for Detrending Time Series Using Ordinal Patterns, with an Application to Air Transport Delays
title_fullStr Evaluating Methods for Detrending Time Series Using Ordinal Patterns, with an Application to Air Transport Delays
title_full_unstemmed Evaluating Methods for Detrending Time Series Using Ordinal Patterns, with an Application to Air Transport Delays
title_short Evaluating Methods for Detrending Time Series Using Ordinal Patterns, with an Application to Air Transport Delays
title_sort evaluating methods for detrending time series using ordinal patterns with an application to air transport delays
topic time series
stationarity
functional complex networks
ordinal patterns
causality
url https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/27/3/230
work_keys_str_mv AT felipeolivares evaluatingmethodsfordetrendingtimeseriesusingordinalpatternswithanapplicationtoairtransportdelays
AT fjaviermarinrodriguez evaluatingmethodsfordetrendingtimeseriesusingordinalpatternswithanapplicationtoairtransportdelays
AT kishoracharya evaluatingmethodsfordetrendingtimeseriesusingordinalpatternswithanapplicationtoairtransportdelays
AT massimilianozanin evaluatingmethodsfordetrendingtimeseriesusingordinalpatternswithanapplicationtoairtransportdelays