Association between serum α-Klotho levels and mortality in US adults with osteoporosis

Abstract Background Klotho, a protein known for its significant involvement in the aging process and age-related diseases, has been demonstrated to be inextricably linked to osteoporosis. Nevertheless, the relationship between serum Klotho levels and mortality risk among individuals with osteoporosi...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Yuchen Tang, Miao Lei, Wei Dong, Zeyu Liu, Wei Jiang, Jie Hao, Zhenming Hu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-04-01
Series:BMC Public Health
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-22540-7
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850184708439146496
author Yuchen Tang
Miao Lei
Wei Dong
Zeyu Liu
Wei Jiang
Jie Hao
Zhenming Hu
author_facet Yuchen Tang
Miao Lei
Wei Dong
Zeyu Liu
Wei Jiang
Jie Hao
Zhenming Hu
author_sort Yuchen Tang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Klotho, a protein known for its significant involvement in the aging process and age-related diseases, has been demonstrated to be inextricably linked to osteoporosis. Nevertheless, the relationship between serum Klotho levels and mortality risk among individuals with osteoporosis has not been definitively established. Therefore, the purpose of the current research is to examine the potential relationship between serum Klotho levels and mortality risk in individuals aged 40 and above with osteoporosis. Methods The current study included adults aged 40 years and older diagnosed with osteoporosis from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Osteoporosis diagnosis was based on a history of osteoporosis or bone mineral density. Moreover, Cox proportional hazards regression, Kaplan–Meier (KM) curves, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) curves were utilized to assess the relationship between Klotho levels and mortality risk. In addition, subgroup analysis was performed using stratification and interaction analysis for all covariates. Results A total of 1004 participants (median age: 65 years) with a median follow-up of 9.33 years were included in the final analysis. This study found that serum Klotho levels established a U-shaped relationship with the risk of all-cause mortality in individuals with osteoporosis, with a nadir of Klotho levels was approximately 900 pg/mL, in which lower (< 850 pg/mL) or higher (> 950 pg/mL) Klotho levels were significantly associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality. Moreover, the results of subgroup analysis indicated that the associations between Klotho levels and mortality risk were modified by several factors, especially a history of hypertension. Specifically, Klotho levels established an L-shaped relationship with the risk of all-cause mortality among participants with a history of hypertension, while a positive and linear relationship with the risk of all-cause mortality among those without a history of hypertension. Conclusions For individuals with osteoporosis, it is necessary to be alert to cases with high or low Klotho levels, which may potentially indicate an increased mortality risk.
format Article
id doaj-art-0743774e1dc847ec9996de9da51e20ab
institution OA Journals
issn 1471-2458
language English
publishDate 2025-04-01
publisher BMC
record_format Article
series BMC Public Health
spelling doaj-art-0743774e1dc847ec9996de9da51e20ab2025-08-20T02:16:59ZengBMCBMC Public Health1471-24582025-04-0125111610.1186/s12889-025-22540-7Association between serum α-Klotho levels and mortality in US adults with osteoporosisYuchen Tang0Miao Lei1Wei Dong2Zeyu Liu3Wei Jiang4Jie Hao5Zhenming Hu6Department of Orthopedics, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityDepartment of Orthopedics, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityDepartment of Spinal Surgery, Chongqing Orthopedic Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineDepartment of Orthopedics, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityDepartment of Orthopedics, Nanchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityDepartment of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityDepartment of Orthopedics, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityAbstract Background Klotho, a protein known for its significant involvement in the aging process and age-related diseases, has been demonstrated to be inextricably linked to osteoporosis. Nevertheless, the relationship between serum Klotho levels and mortality risk among individuals with osteoporosis has not been definitively established. Therefore, the purpose of the current research is to examine the potential relationship between serum Klotho levels and mortality risk in individuals aged 40 and above with osteoporosis. Methods The current study included adults aged 40 years and older diagnosed with osteoporosis from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Osteoporosis diagnosis was based on a history of osteoporosis or bone mineral density. Moreover, Cox proportional hazards regression, Kaplan–Meier (KM) curves, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) curves were utilized to assess the relationship between Klotho levels and mortality risk. In addition, subgroup analysis was performed using stratification and interaction analysis for all covariates. Results A total of 1004 participants (median age: 65 years) with a median follow-up of 9.33 years were included in the final analysis. This study found that serum Klotho levels established a U-shaped relationship with the risk of all-cause mortality in individuals with osteoporosis, with a nadir of Klotho levels was approximately 900 pg/mL, in which lower (< 850 pg/mL) or higher (> 950 pg/mL) Klotho levels were significantly associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality. Moreover, the results of subgroup analysis indicated that the associations between Klotho levels and mortality risk were modified by several factors, especially a history of hypertension. Specifically, Klotho levels established an L-shaped relationship with the risk of all-cause mortality among participants with a history of hypertension, while a positive and linear relationship with the risk of all-cause mortality among those without a history of hypertension. Conclusions For individuals with osteoporosis, it is necessary to be alert to cases with high or low Klotho levels, which may potentially indicate an increased mortality risk.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-22540-7KlothoOsteoporosisMortalityHypertension
spellingShingle Yuchen Tang
Miao Lei
Wei Dong
Zeyu Liu
Wei Jiang
Jie Hao
Zhenming Hu
Association between serum α-Klotho levels and mortality in US adults with osteoporosis
BMC Public Health
Klotho
Osteoporosis
Mortality
Hypertension
title Association between serum α-Klotho levels and mortality in US adults with osteoporosis
title_full Association between serum α-Klotho levels and mortality in US adults with osteoporosis
title_fullStr Association between serum α-Klotho levels and mortality in US adults with osteoporosis
title_full_unstemmed Association between serum α-Klotho levels and mortality in US adults with osteoporosis
title_short Association between serum α-Klotho levels and mortality in US adults with osteoporosis
title_sort association between serum α klotho levels and mortality in us adults with osteoporosis
topic Klotho
Osteoporosis
Mortality
Hypertension
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-22540-7
work_keys_str_mv AT yuchentang associationbetweenserumaklotholevelsandmortalityinusadultswithosteoporosis
AT miaolei associationbetweenserumaklotholevelsandmortalityinusadultswithosteoporosis
AT weidong associationbetweenserumaklotholevelsandmortalityinusadultswithosteoporosis
AT zeyuliu associationbetweenserumaklotholevelsandmortalityinusadultswithosteoporosis
AT weijiang associationbetweenserumaklotholevelsandmortalityinusadultswithosteoporosis
AT jiehao associationbetweenserumaklotholevelsandmortalityinusadultswithosteoporosis
AT zhenminghu associationbetweenserumaklotholevelsandmortalityinusadultswithosteoporosis