Optimizing Nutrition Protocols for Improved Rice Yield, Quality, and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Coastal Saline Soils
This study evaluated the effects of one-time application of controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) on rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) grain yield, grain quality, and agronomic nitrogen use efficiency (ANUE, ANUE (kg/kg) = (Grain yield with N application − grain yield without N application)/N...
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MDPI AG
2025-07-01
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| author | Xiang Zhang Xiaoyu Geng Yang Liu Lulu Wang Jizou Zhu Weiyi Ma Xiaozhou Sheng Lei Shi Yinglong Chen Pinglei Gao Huanhe Wei Qigen Dai |
| author_facet | Xiang Zhang Xiaoyu Geng Yang Liu Lulu Wang Jizou Zhu Weiyi Ma Xiaozhou Sheng Lei Shi Yinglong Chen Pinglei Gao Huanhe Wei Qigen Dai |
| author_sort | Xiang Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study evaluated the effects of one-time application of controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) on rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) grain yield, grain quality, and agronomic nitrogen use efficiency (ANUE, ANUE (kg/kg) = (Grain yield with N application − grain yield without N application)/N application amount) in coastal saline soils. A two-year field experiment (2023–2024) was conducted using two rice varieties (Nanjing 5718 and Yongyou 4953) under four nitrogen treatments: N0 (no nitrogen fertilization), N1 (270 kg·hm<sup>−2</sup>, with a ratio of 5:1:2:2 at 1-day before transplanting, 7-day after transplanting, panicle initiation, and penultimate-leaf appearance stage, respectively), N2 (270 kg·hm<sup>−2</sup>, one-time application at 1-day before transplanting as 50% CRF with 80-day release period + 50% urea), and N3 (270 kg·hm<sup>−2</sup>, 50% one-time application of CRF with 120-day release period at the seedling stage + 50% urea at 1-day before transplanting). Compared with N1, the N3 treatment significantly increased grain yield by 10.2% to 12.9% and improved ANUE by 18.5% to 51.6%. It also improved processing quality (higher brown rice, milled rice, and head rice rates), appearance quality (reduced chalkiness degree and chalky rice percentage), and taste value (by 19.3% to 31.2%). These improvements were associated with lower amylose, protein, and soluble sugar contents and favorable changes in starch composition and pasting properties. While N2 slightly improved some quality traits, it significantly reduced yield and ANUE. Correlation analysis revealed that starch and protein composition, as well as pasting properties, were significantly associated with taste value and related attributes such as appearance, stickiness, balance degree, and hardness. Overall, one-time application of CRF with a 120-day release period at the seedling stage, combined with basal urea, offers an effective strategy to boost yield, quality, and ANUE in coastal saline rice systems. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-07437745baa34f8b9381b9d3f455a0f4 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj-art-07437745baa34f8b9381b9d3f455a0f42025-08-20T03:36:10ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952025-07-01157166210.3390/agronomy15071662Optimizing Nutrition Protocols for Improved Rice Yield, Quality, and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Coastal Saline SoilsXiang Zhang0Xiaoyu Geng1Yang Liu2Lulu Wang3Jizou Zhu4Weiyi Ma5Xiaozhou Sheng6Lei Shi7Yinglong Chen8Pinglei Gao9Huanhe Wei10Qigen Dai11Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Reclamation and Utilization in Coastal Areas, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China/Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Reclamation and Utilization in Coastal Areas, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China/Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Reclamation and Utilization in Coastal Areas, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China/Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Reclamation and Utilization in Coastal Areas, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China/Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Reclamation and Utilization in Coastal Areas, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China/Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Reclamation and Utilization in Coastal Areas, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China/Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Reclamation and Utilization in Coastal Areas, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China/Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, ChinaHuanghai Original Seed Factory, Yancheng 224000, ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Reclamation and Utilization in Coastal Areas, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China/Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Reclamation and Utilization in Coastal Areas, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China/Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Reclamation and Utilization in Coastal Areas, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China/Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Reclamation and Utilization in Coastal Areas, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China/Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, ChinaThis study evaluated the effects of one-time application of controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) on rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) grain yield, grain quality, and agronomic nitrogen use efficiency (ANUE, ANUE (kg/kg) = (Grain yield with N application − grain yield without N application)/N application amount) in coastal saline soils. A two-year field experiment (2023–2024) was conducted using two rice varieties (Nanjing 5718 and Yongyou 4953) under four nitrogen treatments: N0 (no nitrogen fertilization), N1 (270 kg·hm<sup>−2</sup>, with a ratio of 5:1:2:2 at 1-day before transplanting, 7-day after transplanting, panicle initiation, and penultimate-leaf appearance stage, respectively), N2 (270 kg·hm<sup>−2</sup>, one-time application at 1-day before transplanting as 50% CRF with 80-day release period + 50% urea), and N3 (270 kg·hm<sup>−2</sup>, 50% one-time application of CRF with 120-day release period at the seedling stage + 50% urea at 1-day before transplanting). Compared with N1, the N3 treatment significantly increased grain yield by 10.2% to 12.9% and improved ANUE by 18.5% to 51.6%. It also improved processing quality (higher brown rice, milled rice, and head rice rates), appearance quality (reduced chalkiness degree and chalky rice percentage), and taste value (by 19.3% to 31.2%). These improvements were associated with lower amylose, protein, and soluble sugar contents and favorable changes in starch composition and pasting properties. While N2 slightly improved some quality traits, it significantly reduced yield and ANUE. Correlation analysis revealed that starch and protein composition, as well as pasting properties, were significantly associated with taste value and related attributes such as appearance, stickiness, balance degree, and hardness. Overall, one-time application of CRF with a 120-day release period at the seedling stage, combined with basal urea, offers an effective strategy to boost yield, quality, and ANUE in coastal saline rice systems.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/7/1662controlled-release fertilizercoastal saline soilrice grain qualityRVA parameters |
| spellingShingle | Xiang Zhang Xiaoyu Geng Yang Liu Lulu Wang Jizou Zhu Weiyi Ma Xiaozhou Sheng Lei Shi Yinglong Chen Pinglei Gao Huanhe Wei Qigen Dai Optimizing Nutrition Protocols for Improved Rice Yield, Quality, and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Coastal Saline Soils Agronomy controlled-release fertilizer coastal saline soil rice grain quality RVA parameters |
| title | Optimizing Nutrition Protocols for Improved Rice Yield, Quality, and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Coastal Saline Soils |
| title_full | Optimizing Nutrition Protocols for Improved Rice Yield, Quality, and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Coastal Saline Soils |
| title_fullStr | Optimizing Nutrition Protocols for Improved Rice Yield, Quality, and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Coastal Saline Soils |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimizing Nutrition Protocols for Improved Rice Yield, Quality, and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Coastal Saline Soils |
| title_short | Optimizing Nutrition Protocols for Improved Rice Yield, Quality, and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Coastal Saline Soils |
| title_sort | optimizing nutrition protocols for improved rice yield quality and nitrogen use efficiency in coastal saline soils |
| topic | controlled-release fertilizer coastal saline soil rice grain quality RVA parameters |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/7/1662 |
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