Atmospheric Concentrations, Seasonal Variations, and Health Risk Assessment of PM2.5, PM10, and SO2 in Tehran Metropolis, Iran
Background: This study evaluates the seasonal and annual variations of PM₂.₅, PM₁₀, and SO₂ concentrations in Tehran’s ambient air from 2019 to 2021 and assesses their associated health risks.Methods: Non-carcinogenic health risks were quantified using the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)...
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| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Journal of Health Sciences and Surveillance System |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://jhsss.sums.ac.ir/article_50887_2c72485fd4c72850935e151638e1c809.pdf |
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| Summary: | Background: This study evaluates the seasonal and annual variations of PM₂.₅, PM₁₀, and SO₂ concentrations in Tehran’s ambient air from 2019 to 2021 and assesses their associated health risks.Methods: Non-carcinogenic health risks were quantified using the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) methodology. Sobol sensitivity analysis was conducted in R (version 4.1.2), andArcGIS (version 10.8.1) was used to map the spatial distribution of pollutants.Results: The annual mean concentrations of PM₂.₅, PM₁₀, and SO₂ ranged from 28.24–32.34 μg/m³, 69.57–82.22 μg/m³, and 14.94–17.98 μg/m³, respectively, exceeding WHO air quality guidelines. PM₂.₅ and SO₂ levels were highest in the west and southwest, while PM₁₀ was most prevalent in the east and northeast. The hazard quotient (HQ) for PM₂.₅ and PM₁₀ exceeded 1 in 8- and 12-hour exposure scenarios, indicating significant health risks. However, the HQ for SO₂ remained below 1 across all exposure durations, suggesting no immediate health threat. At 3-hour exposures, the HQ for PM₂.₅ and PM₁₀ was below 1, underscoring the role of exposure duration in health risks. Sobol sensitivity analysis identified PM₂.₅ concentration as the most influential factor affecting health risk.Conclusion: The findings highlight the urgent need for regulatory interventions to mitigate PM₂.₅ and PM₁₀ pollution in Tehran, particularly in high-exposure regions. Effective control measures should prioritize reducing emissions to protect public health. |
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| ISSN: | 2345-2218 2345-3893 |