Using a Light Gradient-Boosting Machine–Shapley Additive Explanations Model to Evaluate the Correlation Between Urban Blue–Green Space Landscape Spatial Patterns and Carbon Sequestration

Global ecosystems are facing challenges posed by warming and excessive carbon emissions. Urban areas significantly contribute to carbon emissions, highlighting the urgent need to improve their ability to sequester carbon. While prior studies have primarily examined the carbon sequestration benefits...

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Main Authors: Yuting Wu, Mengya Luo, Shaogang Ding, Qiyao Han
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Land
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/13/11/1965
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author Yuting Wu
Mengya Luo
Shaogang Ding
Qiyao Han
author_facet Yuting Wu
Mengya Luo
Shaogang Ding
Qiyao Han
author_sort Yuting Wu
collection DOAJ
description Global ecosystems are facing challenges posed by warming and excessive carbon emissions. Urban areas significantly contribute to carbon emissions, highlighting the urgent need to improve their ability to sequester carbon. While prior studies have primarily examined the carbon sequestration benefits of single green or blue spaces, the combined impact of urban blue–green spaces (UBGSs) on carbon sequestration remains underexplored. Meanwhile, the rise of machine learning provides new possibilities for assessing this nonlinear relationship. We conducted a study in the Yangzhou urban area, collecting Landsat remote sensing data and net primary productivity (NPP) data at five-year intervals from 2001 to 2021. We applied the LightGBM-SHAP model to systematically analyze the correlation between UBGSs and NPP, extracting key landscape metrics. The results indicated that landscape metrics had varying impacts on NPP. At the patch and type level, the Percentage of Landscape was significantly positively correlated with NPP in green space, while the contiguity index and fractal dimension index favored carbon sequestration under certain conditions. The contribution of blue space was lower, with some indicators exhibiting negative correlations. At the landscape level, the contagion index and aggregation index of UBGS had positive effects on NPP, while the division index and landscape shape index were negatively correlated with NPP. The results enhance the understanding of the relationship between UBGS and carbon sequestration, and provide a reference for urban planning.
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spelling doaj-art-073d2be6ad7d4fd3a1c552df2277b9082025-08-20T02:47:59ZengMDPI AGLand2073-445X2024-11-011311196510.3390/land13111965Using a Light Gradient-Boosting Machine–Shapley Additive Explanations Model to Evaluate the Correlation Between Urban Blue–Green Space Landscape Spatial Patterns and Carbon SequestrationYuting Wu0Mengya Luo1Shaogang Ding2Qiyao Han3College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaCollege of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaCollege of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaCollege of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaGlobal ecosystems are facing challenges posed by warming and excessive carbon emissions. Urban areas significantly contribute to carbon emissions, highlighting the urgent need to improve their ability to sequester carbon. While prior studies have primarily examined the carbon sequestration benefits of single green or blue spaces, the combined impact of urban blue–green spaces (UBGSs) on carbon sequestration remains underexplored. Meanwhile, the rise of machine learning provides new possibilities for assessing this nonlinear relationship. We conducted a study in the Yangzhou urban area, collecting Landsat remote sensing data and net primary productivity (NPP) data at five-year intervals from 2001 to 2021. We applied the LightGBM-SHAP model to systematically analyze the correlation between UBGSs and NPP, extracting key landscape metrics. The results indicated that landscape metrics had varying impacts on NPP. At the patch and type level, the Percentage of Landscape was significantly positively correlated with NPP in green space, while the contiguity index and fractal dimension index favored carbon sequestration under certain conditions. The contribution of blue space was lower, with some indicators exhibiting negative correlations. At the landscape level, the contagion index and aggregation index of UBGS had positive effects on NPP, while the division index and landscape shape index were negatively correlated with NPP. The results enhance the understanding of the relationship between UBGS and carbon sequestration, and provide a reference for urban planning.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/13/11/1965urban blue–green spacecarbon sequestrationlandscape metricsLightGBMSHAP
spellingShingle Yuting Wu
Mengya Luo
Shaogang Ding
Qiyao Han
Using a Light Gradient-Boosting Machine–Shapley Additive Explanations Model to Evaluate the Correlation Between Urban Blue–Green Space Landscape Spatial Patterns and Carbon Sequestration
Land
urban blue–green space
carbon sequestration
landscape metrics
LightGBM
SHAP
title Using a Light Gradient-Boosting Machine–Shapley Additive Explanations Model to Evaluate the Correlation Between Urban Blue–Green Space Landscape Spatial Patterns and Carbon Sequestration
title_full Using a Light Gradient-Boosting Machine–Shapley Additive Explanations Model to Evaluate the Correlation Between Urban Blue–Green Space Landscape Spatial Patterns and Carbon Sequestration
title_fullStr Using a Light Gradient-Boosting Machine–Shapley Additive Explanations Model to Evaluate the Correlation Between Urban Blue–Green Space Landscape Spatial Patterns and Carbon Sequestration
title_full_unstemmed Using a Light Gradient-Boosting Machine–Shapley Additive Explanations Model to Evaluate the Correlation Between Urban Blue–Green Space Landscape Spatial Patterns and Carbon Sequestration
title_short Using a Light Gradient-Boosting Machine–Shapley Additive Explanations Model to Evaluate the Correlation Between Urban Blue–Green Space Landscape Spatial Patterns and Carbon Sequestration
title_sort using a light gradient boosting machine shapley additive explanations model to evaluate the correlation between urban blue green space landscape spatial patterns and carbon sequestration
topic urban blue–green space
carbon sequestration
landscape metrics
LightGBM
SHAP
url https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/13/11/1965
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