Mixture Design Approach on the Physical Properties of Lignin-Resorcinol-Formaldehyde Xerogels
Organic xerogels were functionalized by incorporating sugarcane bagasse lignin from soda pulping black liquor, not used so far in this materials, with the aim of introducing new functional groups on traditional gels that could improve its adsorptive capacity. Two mixing designs were applied to ident...
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| Format: | Article |
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Wiley
2015-01-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Polymer Science |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/272851 |
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| author | Chris D. Castro Germán C. Quintana |
| author_facet | Chris D. Castro Germán C. Quintana |
| author_sort | Chris D. Castro |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Organic xerogels were functionalized by incorporating sugarcane bagasse lignin from soda pulping black liquor, not used so far in this materials, with the aim of introducing new functional groups on traditional gels that could improve its adsorptive capacity. Two mixing designs were applied to identify the reactive combinations that allow a well gel formation and to adjust models that predict physical properties. The designs study five components: resorcinol (R, 0.04–0.3), lignin (L, 0.004–0.14), formaldehyde (F, 0.08–0.17), water (W, 0.45–0.8), and NaOH (C, 0.0003–0.0035). The first experimental design was an extreme vertices design and its results showed shrinkage between 4.3 and 59.7 and a bulk density from 0.54 to 1.3; a mass ratio LR/F near 1.5 was required for gel formation. In the second design a D-Optimal was used to achieve better adjusted coefficients and incorporate the largest possible amount of lignin in the gels. Bulk density varies from 0.42 to 0.9, shrinkage varies from 3.42 to 25.35, and specific surface area reaches values of 451.86 m2/g with 13% lignin and 270 m2/g with 27% lignin. High catalyst content improves lignin dissolution and increase shrinkage and bulk density of xerogels and bulk density. Lignin contributes to reducing shrinkage and specific surface area due to his compact and rigid structure. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-07390348f1ce491fbb5e8f4715a15c76 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1687-9422 1687-9430 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2015-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Polymer Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-07390348f1ce491fbb5e8f4715a15c762025-02-03T06:13:47ZengWileyInternational Journal of Polymer Science1687-94221687-94302015-01-01201510.1155/2015/272851272851Mixture Design Approach on the Physical Properties of Lignin-Resorcinol-Formaldehyde XerogelsChris D. Castro0Germán C. Quintana1Grupo Pulpa y Papel, Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Sede Central Medellín, Circular 1 No. 70-01, Medellín, ColombiaGrupo Pulpa y Papel, Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Sede Central Medellín, Circular 1 No. 70-01, Medellín, ColombiaOrganic xerogels were functionalized by incorporating sugarcane bagasse lignin from soda pulping black liquor, not used so far in this materials, with the aim of introducing new functional groups on traditional gels that could improve its adsorptive capacity. Two mixing designs were applied to identify the reactive combinations that allow a well gel formation and to adjust models that predict physical properties. The designs study five components: resorcinol (R, 0.04–0.3), lignin (L, 0.004–0.14), formaldehyde (F, 0.08–0.17), water (W, 0.45–0.8), and NaOH (C, 0.0003–0.0035). The first experimental design was an extreme vertices design and its results showed shrinkage between 4.3 and 59.7 and a bulk density from 0.54 to 1.3; a mass ratio LR/F near 1.5 was required for gel formation. In the second design a D-Optimal was used to achieve better adjusted coefficients and incorporate the largest possible amount of lignin in the gels. Bulk density varies from 0.42 to 0.9, shrinkage varies from 3.42 to 25.35, and specific surface area reaches values of 451.86 m2/g with 13% lignin and 270 m2/g with 27% lignin. High catalyst content improves lignin dissolution and increase shrinkage and bulk density of xerogels and bulk density. Lignin contributes to reducing shrinkage and specific surface area due to his compact and rigid structure.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/272851 |
| spellingShingle | Chris D. Castro Germán C. Quintana Mixture Design Approach on the Physical Properties of Lignin-Resorcinol-Formaldehyde Xerogels International Journal of Polymer Science |
| title | Mixture Design Approach on the Physical Properties of Lignin-Resorcinol-Formaldehyde Xerogels |
| title_full | Mixture Design Approach on the Physical Properties of Lignin-Resorcinol-Formaldehyde Xerogels |
| title_fullStr | Mixture Design Approach on the Physical Properties of Lignin-Resorcinol-Formaldehyde Xerogels |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mixture Design Approach on the Physical Properties of Lignin-Resorcinol-Formaldehyde Xerogels |
| title_short | Mixture Design Approach on the Physical Properties of Lignin-Resorcinol-Formaldehyde Xerogels |
| title_sort | mixture design approach on the physical properties of lignin resorcinol formaldehyde xerogels |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/272851 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT chrisdcastro mixturedesignapproachonthephysicalpropertiesofligninresorcinolformaldehydexerogels AT germancquintana mixturedesignapproachonthephysicalpropertiesofligninresorcinolformaldehydexerogels |