Cytokines and the Pathogenesis of Macular Edema in Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion
Branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) is a very common retinal vascular problem in patients with lifestyle-related diseases, such as hypertension and arteriosclerosis. In patients with BRVO, development of macular edema is the main cause of visual impairment. BRVO is still a controversial condition i...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2019-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Ophthalmology |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5185128 |
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| author | Hidetaka Noma Kanako Yasuda Masahiko Shimura |
| author_facet | Hidetaka Noma Kanako Yasuda Masahiko Shimura |
| author_sort | Hidetaka Noma |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) is a very common retinal vascular problem in patients with lifestyle-related diseases, such as hypertension and arteriosclerosis. In patients with BRVO, development of macular edema is the main cause of visual impairment. BRVO is still a controversial condition in many respects. Over the years, various methods such as laser photocoagulation have been tried to treat macular edema associated with BRVO, but the results were not satisfactory. After vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was found to have an important role in the pathogenesis of macular edema in BRVO patients, treatment of this condition was revolutionized by development of anti-VEGF therapy. Although macular edema improves dramatically following intraocular injection of anti-VEGF agents, repeated recurrence and resistance of edema is a major problem in some BRVO patients. This suggests that factors or cytokines other than VEGF may be associated with inflammation and retinal hypoxia in BRVO and that the pathogenesis of macular edema is complicated. The present review assesses the role of various factors and cytokines in the pathogenesis of macular edema associated with BRVO. We present a mechanism that is not only plausible but should also be useful for developing new therapeutic strategies. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-072ca658ff294e0aa13d85b509b985ca |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2090-004X 2090-0058 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2019-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Ophthalmology |
| spelling | doaj-art-072ca658ff294e0aa13d85b509b985ca2025-08-20T02:02:48ZengWileyJournal of Ophthalmology2090-004X2090-00582019-01-01201910.1155/2019/51851285185128Cytokines and the Pathogenesis of Macular Edema in Branch Retinal Vein OcclusionHidetaka Noma0Kanako Yasuda1Masahiko Shimura2Department of Ophthalmology, Hachioji Medical Center, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, JapanDepartment of Ophthalmology, Hachioji Medical Center, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, JapanDepartment of Ophthalmology, Hachioji Medical Center, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, JapanBranch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) is a very common retinal vascular problem in patients with lifestyle-related diseases, such as hypertension and arteriosclerosis. In patients with BRVO, development of macular edema is the main cause of visual impairment. BRVO is still a controversial condition in many respects. Over the years, various methods such as laser photocoagulation have been tried to treat macular edema associated with BRVO, but the results were not satisfactory. After vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was found to have an important role in the pathogenesis of macular edema in BRVO patients, treatment of this condition was revolutionized by development of anti-VEGF therapy. Although macular edema improves dramatically following intraocular injection of anti-VEGF agents, repeated recurrence and resistance of edema is a major problem in some BRVO patients. This suggests that factors or cytokines other than VEGF may be associated with inflammation and retinal hypoxia in BRVO and that the pathogenesis of macular edema is complicated. The present review assesses the role of various factors and cytokines in the pathogenesis of macular edema associated with BRVO. We present a mechanism that is not only plausible but should also be useful for developing new therapeutic strategies.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5185128 |
| spellingShingle | Hidetaka Noma Kanako Yasuda Masahiko Shimura Cytokines and the Pathogenesis of Macular Edema in Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion Journal of Ophthalmology |
| title | Cytokines and the Pathogenesis of Macular Edema in Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion |
| title_full | Cytokines and the Pathogenesis of Macular Edema in Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion |
| title_fullStr | Cytokines and the Pathogenesis of Macular Edema in Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cytokines and the Pathogenesis of Macular Edema in Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion |
| title_short | Cytokines and the Pathogenesis of Macular Edema in Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion |
| title_sort | cytokines and the pathogenesis of macular edema in branch retinal vein occlusion |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5185128 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hidetakanoma cytokinesandthepathogenesisofmacularedemainbranchretinalveinocclusion AT kanakoyasuda cytokinesandthepathogenesisofmacularedemainbranchretinalveinocclusion AT masahikoshimura cytokinesandthepathogenesisofmacularedemainbranchretinalveinocclusion |