Observability-Based Gaussian Sum Cubature Kalman Filter for Three-Dimensional Target Tracking Using a Single Two-Dimensional Radar

This paper considers the problem of tracking a three-dimensional target under the condition that only a single two-dimensional radar is available. Since a two-dimensional radar can only measure the slant range and azimuth information relative to the target, an unobservability issue arises in this tr...

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Main Authors: Haonan Jiang, Yingjie Zhang, Xiaotong Wang, Yuanli Cai
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Remote Sensing
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/22/4172
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author Haonan Jiang
Yingjie Zhang
Xiaotong Wang
Yuanli Cai
author_facet Haonan Jiang
Yingjie Zhang
Xiaotong Wang
Yuanli Cai
author_sort Haonan Jiang
collection DOAJ
description This paper considers the problem of tracking a three-dimensional target under the condition that only a single two-dimensional radar is available. Since a two-dimensional radar can only measure the slant range and azimuth information relative to the target, an unobservability issue arises in this tracking application. Therefore, we first investigate the observability issue of tracking a three-dimensional target with a single two-dimensional radar from two perspectives, including intuitive illustration and quantitative analysis. From the perspective of intuitive illustration, we demonstrate “What is the unobservability issue” and “How does the relative target-radar geometry influence the observability of the tracking system”. From the perspective of quantitative analysis, we construct a novel observability metric for this special tracking problem. Second, aiming at improving tracking performance under the unobservability of target height, we propose an observability-based Gaussian sum cubature Kalman filter. Built within the Gaussian sum framework and based on the height-parameterized strategy, this novel algorithm uses a set of independent fifth-degree cubature Kalman filters, each of which can detect the system observability variation and enhance the tracking accuracy by using a Gaussian splitting scheme under low-degree observability. Finally, the effectiveness of the presented filtering algorithm is validated through lots of simulation experiments.
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spelling doaj-art-071630be5c8247c5af4f2230e5d8ab452025-08-20T01:54:08ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922024-11-011622417210.3390/rs16224172Observability-Based Gaussian Sum Cubature Kalman Filter for Three-Dimensional Target Tracking Using a Single Two-Dimensional RadarHaonan Jiang0Yingjie Zhang1Xiaotong Wang2Yuanli Cai3Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, ChinaBeijing Institute of Radio Measurement, Beijing 100854, ChinaFaculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, ChinaFaculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, ChinaThis paper considers the problem of tracking a three-dimensional target under the condition that only a single two-dimensional radar is available. Since a two-dimensional radar can only measure the slant range and azimuth information relative to the target, an unobservability issue arises in this tracking application. Therefore, we first investigate the observability issue of tracking a three-dimensional target with a single two-dimensional radar from two perspectives, including intuitive illustration and quantitative analysis. From the perspective of intuitive illustration, we demonstrate “What is the unobservability issue” and “How does the relative target-radar geometry influence the observability of the tracking system”. From the perspective of quantitative analysis, we construct a novel observability metric for this special tracking problem. Second, aiming at improving tracking performance under the unobservability of target height, we propose an observability-based Gaussian sum cubature Kalman filter. Built within the Gaussian sum framework and based on the height-parameterized strategy, this novel algorithm uses a set of independent fifth-degree cubature Kalman filters, each of which can detect the system observability variation and enhance the tracking accuracy by using a Gaussian splitting scheme under low-degree observability. Finally, the effectiveness of the presented filtering algorithm is validated through lots of simulation experiments.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/22/4172target trackingobservabilitycubature Kalman filtertwo-dimensional radar
spellingShingle Haonan Jiang
Yingjie Zhang
Xiaotong Wang
Yuanli Cai
Observability-Based Gaussian Sum Cubature Kalman Filter for Three-Dimensional Target Tracking Using a Single Two-Dimensional Radar
Remote Sensing
target tracking
observability
cubature Kalman filter
two-dimensional radar
title Observability-Based Gaussian Sum Cubature Kalman Filter for Three-Dimensional Target Tracking Using a Single Two-Dimensional Radar
title_full Observability-Based Gaussian Sum Cubature Kalman Filter for Three-Dimensional Target Tracking Using a Single Two-Dimensional Radar
title_fullStr Observability-Based Gaussian Sum Cubature Kalman Filter for Three-Dimensional Target Tracking Using a Single Two-Dimensional Radar
title_full_unstemmed Observability-Based Gaussian Sum Cubature Kalman Filter for Three-Dimensional Target Tracking Using a Single Two-Dimensional Radar
title_short Observability-Based Gaussian Sum Cubature Kalman Filter for Three-Dimensional Target Tracking Using a Single Two-Dimensional Radar
title_sort observability based gaussian sum cubature kalman filter for three dimensional target tracking using a single two dimensional radar
topic target tracking
observability
cubature Kalman filter
two-dimensional radar
url https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/22/4172
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AT yingjiezhang observabilitybasedgaussiansumcubaturekalmanfilterforthreedimensionaltargettrackingusingasingletwodimensionalradar
AT xiaotongwang observabilitybasedgaussiansumcubaturekalmanfilterforthreedimensionaltargettrackingusingasingletwodimensionalradar
AT yuanlicai observabilitybasedgaussiansumcubaturekalmanfilterforthreedimensionaltargettrackingusingasingletwodimensionalradar