An alcohol-governed mechanism of monocarbonyl oligomerization: implications for explosive growth of fine particulate matter

Abstract Secondary organic aerosol (SOA), as a major component of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), significantly impacts air quality, climate, and human health. Although the aqueous chemistry of oxygenated organic compounds (OOCs) is acknowledged as an important contributor to the global SOA budget,...

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Main Authors: Yuemeng Ji, Jiaxin Wang, Yongpeng Ji, Yanpeng Gao, Weina Zhang, Jiangyao Chen, Guiying Li, Taicheng An
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:npj Climate and Atmospheric Science
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01138-1
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author Yuemeng Ji
Jiaxin Wang
Yongpeng Ji
Yanpeng Gao
Weina Zhang
Jiangyao Chen
Guiying Li
Taicheng An
author_facet Yuemeng Ji
Jiaxin Wang
Yongpeng Ji
Yanpeng Gao
Weina Zhang
Jiangyao Chen
Guiying Li
Taicheng An
author_sort Yuemeng Ji
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Secondary organic aerosol (SOA), as a major component of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), significantly impacts air quality, climate, and human health. Although the aqueous chemistry of oxygenated organic compounds (OOCs) is acknowledged as an important contributor to the global SOA budget, the mechanisms by which this process yields SOA-forming oligomers remain unclear. Therefore, we clarify the aqueous-phase reactions of monocarbonyl OOCs (MOOCs, e.g., octanal and 2,4-hexadienal) in sulfuric acid aerosols using quantum chemistry and kinetic calculations. We identified all intermediates and products for established reaction pathways and explored a newly alcohol-governed mechanism for MOOC oligomerization, independent of prior atmospheric knowledge. Oligomers are yielded by the repetition of simple organic reactions, including protonation/deprotonation, hydration/dehydration, and nucleophilic addition, leading to rapid SOA formation. Our results unveil that an alcohol-governed aqueous-phase reaction mechanism of MOOC is likely prevalent across other OOCs in the atmosphere and helps to explain the explosive growth of PM2.5.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2397-3722
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
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series npj Climate and Atmospheric Science
spelling doaj-art-070df9cf005d440cb0a5caab0eb7da1c2025-08-20T03:37:23ZengNature Portfolionpj Climate and Atmospheric Science2397-37222025-07-01811910.1038/s41612-025-01138-1An alcohol-governed mechanism of monocarbonyl oligomerization: implications for explosive growth of fine particulate matterYuemeng Ji0Jiaxin Wang1Yongpeng Ji2Yanpeng Gao3Weina Zhang4Jiangyao Chen5Guiying Li6Taicheng An7Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of TechnologyGuangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of TechnologyGuangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of TechnologyGuangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of TechnologyGuangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of TechnologyGuangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of TechnologyGuangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of TechnologyGuangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of TechnologyAbstract Secondary organic aerosol (SOA), as a major component of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), significantly impacts air quality, climate, and human health. Although the aqueous chemistry of oxygenated organic compounds (OOCs) is acknowledged as an important contributor to the global SOA budget, the mechanisms by which this process yields SOA-forming oligomers remain unclear. Therefore, we clarify the aqueous-phase reactions of monocarbonyl OOCs (MOOCs, e.g., octanal and 2,4-hexadienal) in sulfuric acid aerosols using quantum chemistry and kinetic calculations. We identified all intermediates and products for established reaction pathways and explored a newly alcohol-governed mechanism for MOOC oligomerization, independent of prior atmospheric knowledge. Oligomers are yielded by the repetition of simple organic reactions, including protonation/deprotonation, hydration/dehydration, and nucleophilic addition, leading to rapid SOA formation. Our results unveil that an alcohol-governed aqueous-phase reaction mechanism of MOOC is likely prevalent across other OOCs in the atmosphere and helps to explain the explosive growth of PM2.5.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01138-1
spellingShingle Yuemeng Ji
Jiaxin Wang
Yongpeng Ji
Yanpeng Gao
Weina Zhang
Jiangyao Chen
Guiying Li
Taicheng An
An alcohol-governed mechanism of monocarbonyl oligomerization: implications for explosive growth of fine particulate matter
npj Climate and Atmospheric Science
title An alcohol-governed mechanism of monocarbonyl oligomerization: implications for explosive growth of fine particulate matter
title_full An alcohol-governed mechanism of monocarbonyl oligomerization: implications for explosive growth of fine particulate matter
title_fullStr An alcohol-governed mechanism of monocarbonyl oligomerization: implications for explosive growth of fine particulate matter
title_full_unstemmed An alcohol-governed mechanism of monocarbonyl oligomerization: implications for explosive growth of fine particulate matter
title_short An alcohol-governed mechanism of monocarbonyl oligomerization: implications for explosive growth of fine particulate matter
title_sort alcohol governed mechanism of monocarbonyl oligomerization implications for explosive growth of fine particulate matter
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01138-1
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