BCDDM: Branch Correction Denoising Diffusion Model for Black Hole Image Generation

The properties of black holes and accretion flows can be inferred by fitting Event Horizon Telescope data to simulated images generated through general relativistic ray tracing (GRRT). However, due to the computationally intensive nature of GRRT, the efficiency of generating specific radiation flux...

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Main Authors: Ao Liu, Zelin Zhang, Songbai Chen, Cuihong Wen, Jieci Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2025-01-01
Series:The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/add896
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author Ao Liu
Zelin Zhang
Songbai Chen
Cuihong Wen
Jieci Wang
author_facet Ao Liu
Zelin Zhang
Songbai Chen
Cuihong Wen
Jieci Wang
author_sort Ao Liu
collection DOAJ
description The properties of black holes and accretion flows can be inferred by fitting Event Horizon Telescope data to simulated images generated through general relativistic ray tracing (GRRT). However, due to the computationally intensive nature of GRRT, the efficiency of generating specific radiation flux images needs to be improved. This paper introduces the Branch Correction Denoising Diffusion Model (BCDDM), a deep learning framework that synthesizes black hole images directly from physical parameters. The model incorporates a branch correction mechanism and a weighted mixed-loss function to enhance accuracy and stability. We have constructed a data set of 2157 GRRT-simulated images for training the BCDDM, which spans seven key physical parameters of the radiatively inefficient accretion flow model. Our experiments show a strong correlation between the generated images and their physical parameters. By enhancing the GRRT data set with BCDDM-generated images and using ResNet50 for parameter regression, we achieve significant improvements in parameter prediction performance. BCDDM offers a novel approach to reducing the computational costs of black hole image generation, providing a faster and more efficient pathway for data set augmentation, parameter estimation, and model fitting.
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id doaj-art-06fd8f6a8f6746ae8a8516467094e9a7
institution Kabale University
issn 0067-0049
language English
publishDate 2025-01-01
publisher IOP Publishing
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series The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series
spelling doaj-art-06fd8f6a8f6746ae8a8516467094e9a72025-08-20T03:30:55ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series0067-00492025-01-0127911010.3847/1538-4365/add896BCDDM: Branch Correction Denoising Diffusion Model for Black Hole Image GenerationAo Liu0Zelin Zhang1Songbai Chen2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5531-9113Cuihong Wen3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2668-4503Jieci Wang4https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5072-3096College of Information Science and Engineering, Hunan Normal University , Changsha, 410081, People’s Republic of China ; cuihongwen@hunnu.edu.cnDepartment of Physics , Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education, Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and Applications, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, People’s Republic of China ; csb3752@hunnu.edu.cn, jieciwang@hunnu.edu.cnDepartment of Physics , Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education, Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and Applications, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, People’s Republic of China ; csb3752@hunnu.edu.cn, jieciwang@hunnu.edu.cn; Center for Gravitation and Cosmology , College of Physical Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, People’s Republic of ChinaCollege of Information Science and Engineering, Hunan Normal University , Changsha, 410081, People’s Republic of China ; cuihongwen@hunnu.edu.cnDepartment of Physics , Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education, Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and Applications, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, People’s Republic of China ; csb3752@hunnu.edu.cn, jieciwang@hunnu.edu.cnThe properties of black holes and accretion flows can be inferred by fitting Event Horizon Telescope data to simulated images generated through general relativistic ray tracing (GRRT). However, due to the computationally intensive nature of GRRT, the efficiency of generating specific radiation flux images needs to be improved. This paper introduces the Branch Correction Denoising Diffusion Model (BCDDM), a deep learning framework that synthesizes black hole images directly from physical parameters. The model incorporates a branch correction mechanism and a weighted mixed-loss function to enhance accuracy and stability. We have constructed a data set of 2157 GRRT-simulated images for training the BCDDM, which spans seven key physical parameters of the radiatively inefficient accretion flow model. Our experiments show a strong correlation between the generated images and their physical parameters. By enhancing the GRRT data set with BCDDM-generated images and using ResNet50 for parameter regression, we achieve significant improvements in parameter prediction performance. BCDDM offers a novel approach to reducing the computational costs of black hole image generation, providing a faster and more efficient pathway for data set augmentation, parameter estimation, and model fitting.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/add896Astrophysical black holesNeural networksAstronomy image processingGeneral relativity
spellingShingle Ao Liu
Zelin Zhang
Songbai Chen
Cuihong Wen
Jieci Wang
BCDDM: Branch Correction Denoising Diffusion Model for Black Hole Image Generation
The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series
Astrophysical black holes
Neural networks
Astronomy image processing
General relativity
title BCDDM: Branch Correction Denoising Diffusion Model for Black Hole Image Generation
title_full BCDDM: Branch Correction Denoising Diffusion Model for Black Hole Image Generation
title_fullStr BCDDM: Branch Correction Denoising Diffusion Model for Black Hole Image Generation
title_full_unstemmed BCDDM: Branch Correction Denoising Diffusion Model for Black Hole Image Generation
title_short BCDDM: Branch Correction Denoising Diffusion Model for Black Hole Image Generation
title_sort bcddm branch correction denoising diffusion model for black hole image generation
topic Astrophysical black holes
Neural networks
Astronomy image processing
General relativity
url https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/add896
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AT cuihongwen bcddmbranchcorrectiondenoisingdiffusionmodelforblackholeimagegeneration
AT jieciwang bcddmbranchcorrectiondenoisingdiffusionmodelforblackholeimagegeneration