Policy to practice: insights from implementation of a school-based sanitary napkin distribution programme in Odisha, India

Abstract Background Recognizing the importance of menstrual health and hygiene, governments worldwide, including India, are working towards improving awareness, infrastructure and access to essential products and services. Odisha’s state-led “Khushi” programme, launched in 2018, is one such initiati...

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Main Authors: Shyama Desaraju, Nishisipa Panda, Rudra Prasad Panigrahy, Bhuputra Panda
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:Health Research Policy and Systems
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12961-025-01316-w
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author Shyama Desaraju
Nishisipa Panda
Rudra Prasad Panigrahy
Bhuputra Panda
author_facet Shyama Desaraju
Nishisipa Panda
Rudra Prasad Panigrahy
Bhuputra Panda
author_sort Shyama Desaraju
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Recognizing the importance of menstrual health and hygiene, governments worldwide, including India, are working towards improving awareness, infrastructure and access to essential products and services. Odisha’s state-led “Khushi” programme, launched in 2018, is one such initiative providing free sanitary napkins to schoolgirls in government and government-aided schools to improve menstrual hygiene and reduce dropouts. Our study aims to explore the perspectives and barriers in the implementation of the Khushi programme in Odisha. Methodology This paper emanates from a larger study on menstrual health in Odisha, conducted from September 2021 to December 2022, focussing on qualitative insights into the implementation challenges of the Khushi programme. It examines stakeholder perspectives through in-depth interviews with key officials from health and education departments and focus group discussions with schoolgirls. In addition, relevant programme documents and government policies were reviewed. Results Our study findings related to the systemic bottlenecks in the implementation of the Khushi programme have been summarized under key thematic domains: (1) approach to micro-planning; (2) interdepartmental convergence; (3) indenting and supply chain; (4) capacity building; and (5) monitoring and supervision. This study underscores the importance of designing and implementing a comprehensive behaviour-change strategy that should capitalize on the existing collaboration between the health and education departments, while addressing identified weaknesses. Conclusions The Khushi programme has the potential to bring about a paradigm shift in menstrual health behaviour among schoolgirls. To maximize its impact, the government may adopt a comprehensive strategy, including strengthening menstrual-hygiene-compliant school infrastructure, providing education and sensitization for both implementers and beneficiaries, and integrating environment-friendly menstrual hygiene products in the programme.
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spelling doaj-art-06f27a003a0d4bb09a9ceeb53f7bf5392025-08-20T03:42:09ZengBMCHealth Research Policy and Systems1478-45052025-07-0123111010.1186/s12961-025-01316-wPolicy to practice: insights from implementation of a school-based sanitary napkin distribution programme in Odisha, IndiaShyama Desaraju0Nishisipa Panda1Rudra Prasad Panigrahy2Bhuputra Panda3PHFI-Indian Institute of Public HealthPHFI-Indian Institute of Public HealthPHFI-Indian Institute of Public HealthPHFI-Indian Institute of Public HealthAbstract Background Recognizing the importance of menstrual health and hygiene, governments worldwide, including India, are working towards improving awareness, infrastructure and access to essential products and services. Odisha’s state-led “Khushi” programme, launched in 2018, is one such initiative providing free sanitary napkins to schoolgirls in government and government-aided schools to improve menstrual hygiene and reduce dropouts. Our study aims to explore the perspectives and barriers in the implementation of the Khushi programme in Odisha. Methodology This paper emanates from a larger study on menstrual health in Odisha, conducted from September 2021 to December 2022, focussing on qualitative insights into the implementation challenges of the Khushi programme. It examines stakeholder perspectives through in-depth interviews with key officials from health and education departments and focus group discussions with schoolgirls. In addition, relevant programme documents and government policies were reviewed. Results Our study findings related to the systemic bottlenecks in the implementation of the Khushi programme have been summarized under key thematic domains: (1) approach to micro-planning; (2) interdepartmental convergence; (3) indenting and supply chain; (4) capacity building; and (5) monitoring and supervision. This study underscores the importance of designing and implementing a comprehensive behaviour-change strategy that should capitalize on the existing collaboration between the health and education departments, while addressing identified weaknesses. Conclusions The Khushi programme has the potential to bring about a paradigm shift in menstrual health behaviour among schoolgirls. To maximize its impact, the government may adopt a comprehensive strategy, including strengthening menstrual-hygiene-compliant school infrastructure, providing education and sensitization for both implementers and beneficiaries, and integrating environment-friendly menstrual hygiene products in the programme.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12961-025-01316-wAdolescent healthMenstrual healthFree sanitary napkinSchool healthOdisha
spellingShingle Shyama Desaraju
Nishisipa Panda
Rudra Prasad Panigrahy
Bhuputra Panda
Policy to practice: insights from implementation of a school-based sanitary napkin distribution programme in Odisha, India
Health Research Policy and Systems
Adolescent health
Menstrual health
Free sanitary napkin
School health
Odisha
title Policy to practice: insights from implementation of a school-based sanitary napkin distribution programme in Odisha, India
title_full Policy to practice: insights from implementation of a school-based sanitary napkin distribution programme in Odisha, India
title_fullStr Policy to practice: insights from implementation of a school-based sanitary napkin distribution programme in Odisha, India
title_full_unstemmed Policy to practice: insights from implementation of a school-based sanitary napkin distribution programme in Odisha, India
title_short Policy to practice: insights from implementation of a school-based sanitary napkin distribution programme in Odisha, India
title_sort policy to practice insights from implementation of a school based sanitary napkin distribution programme in odisha india
topic Adolescent health
Menstrual health
Free sanitary napkin
School health
Odisha
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12961-025-01316-w
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AT rudraprasadpanigrahy policytopracticeinsightsfromimplementationofaschoolbasedsanitarynapkindistributionprogrammeinodishaindia
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