Studies on the Deviation of a Solution from the Hypothetical Ideal Solution with the Total Activity Coefficient

The total activity coefficient is exploited to study the deviation of a solution from the hypothetical ideal solution. It is proven for a solution that the curve of the total activity coefficient and all curves of activity coefficients of components will intersect at the stationary point of the tota...

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Main Authors: Yeqiu Zhou, Feiwu Chen, Yu Zhou
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Molecules
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/8/1681
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author Yeqiu Zhou
Feiwu Chen
Yu Zhou
author_facet Yeqiu Zhou
Feiwu Chen
Yu Zhou
author_sort Yeqiu Zhou
collection DOAJ
description The total activity coefficient is exploited to study the deviation of a solution from the hypothetical ideal solution. It is proven for a solution that the curve of the total activity coefficient and all curves of activity coefficients of components will intersect at the stationary point of the total activity coefficient curve. It is found for the negative (positive) deviation binary solutions studied here that the magnitudes of the total activity coefficient at the minimum (maximum) point of the total activity coefficient curve becomes bigger as the intermolecular attraction of the solute and solvent become weaker. Furthermore, the shape of the total activity coefficient curve, as well as the molar concentration of its stationary point, are dependent on the intermolecular attraction of components in the solution. Finally, for the negative solution of tetrahydrofuran + 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane and the positive-deviation solution of ethyl isobutyrate + 1-butanol, the effects of pressure on the total activity coefficient of the negative and positive solutions are investigated.
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spelling doaj-art-06e6ddf0cfed46e08e4d722c2be660962025-08-20T03:13:52ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492025-04-01308168110.3390/molecules30081681Studies on the Deviation of a Solution from the Hypothetical Ideal Solution with the Total Activity CoefficientYeqiu Zhou0Feiwu Chen1Yu Zhou2Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, ChinaDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, ChinaCollege of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, ChinaThe total activity coefficient is exploited to study the deviation of a solution from the hypothetical ideal solution. It is proven for a solution that the curve of the total activity coefficient and all curves of activity coefficients of components will intersect at the stationary point of the total activity coefficient curve. It is found for the negative (positive) deviation binary solutions studied here that the magnitudes of the total activity coefficient at the minimum (maximum) point of the total activity coefficient curve becomes bigger as the intermolecular attraction of the solute and solvent become weaker. Furthermore, the shape of the total activity coefficient curve, as well as the molar concentration of its stationary point, are dependent on the intermolecular attraction of components in the solution. Finally, for the negative solution of tetrahydrofuran + 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane and the positive-deviation solution of ethyl isobutyrate + 1-butanol, the effects of pressure on the total activity coefficient of the negative and positive solutions are investigated.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/8/1681activity coefficienttotal activity coefficientbinary solutionnon-ideal solutionintermolecular interaction energyexcess volume
spellingShingle Yeqiu Zhou
Feiwu Chen
Yu Zhou
Studies on the Deviation of a Solution from the Hypothetical Ideal Solution with the Total Activity Coefficient
Molecules
activity coefficient
total activity coefficient
binary solution
non-ideal solution
intermolecular interaction energy
excess volume
title Studies on the Deviation of a Solution from the Hypothetical Ideal Solution with the Total Activity Coefficient
title_full Studies on the Deviation of a Solution from the Hypothetical Ideal Solution with the Total Activity Coefficient
title_fullStr Studies on the Deviation of a Solution from the Hypothetical Ideal Solution with the Total Activity Coefficient
title_full_unstemmed Studies on the Deviation of a Solution from the Hypothetical Ideal Solution with the Total Activity Coefficient
title_short Studies on the Deviation of a Solution from the Hypothetical Ideal Solution with the Total Activity Coefficient
title_sort studies on the deviation of a solution from the hypothetical ideal solution with the total activity coefficient
topic activity coefficient
total activity coefficient
binary solution
non-ideal solution
intermolecular interaction energy
excess volume
url https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/8/1681
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