Primordial black hole formation via inverted bubble collapse

Abstract We propose a novel mechanism of primordial black hole (PBH) formation through inverted bubble collapse. In this scenario, bubbles nucleate sparsely in an incomplete first-order phase transition, such that they remain isolated and do not percolate or collide with each other due to the extrem...

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Main Authors: Kai Murai, Kodai Sakurai, Fuminobu Takahashi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-07-01
Series:Journal of High Energy Physics
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP07(2025)065
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author Kai Murai
Kodai Sakurai
Fuminobu Takahashi
author_facet Kai Murai
Kodai Sakurai
Fuminobu Takahashi
author_sort Kai Murai
collection DOAJ
description Abstract We propose a novel mechanism of primordial black hole (PBH) formation through inverted bubble collapse. In this scenario, bubbles nucleate sparsely in an incomplete first-order phase transition, such that they remain isolated and do not percolate or collide with each other due to the extremely low nucleation rate. This is followed by a bulk phase transition in the rest of the universe that inverts these pre-existing bubbles into false vacuum regions. These spherically symmetric false-vacuum bubbles subsequently collapse to form PBHs. Unlike conventional PBH formation mechanisms associated with domain wall collapse or bubble coalescence, our inverted bubble collapse mechanism naturally ensures spherical collapse. We demonstrate that, when applied to the singlet extension of the Standard Model, this mechanism can produce highly monochromatic PBHs with masses up to O $$ \mathcal{O} $$ (10−7 – 10−5)M ⊙, which potentially explain the microlensing events observed in the OGLE and Subaru HSC data.
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institution Kabale University
issn 1029-8479
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
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record_format Article
series Journal of High Energy Physics
spelling doaj-art-06dcd9a180ef42168047348fffa24d142025-08-20T03:45:40ZengSpringerOpenJournal of High Energy Physics1029-84792025-07-012025712110.1007/JHEP07(2025)065Primordial black hole formation via inverted bubble collapseKai Murai0Kodai Sakurai1Fuminobu Takahashi2Department of Physics, Tohoku UniversityDepartment of Physics, Tohoku UniversityDepartment of Physics, Tohoku UniversityAbstract We propose a novel mechanism of primordial black hole (PBH) formation through inverted bubble collapse. In this scenario, bubbles nucleate sparsely in an incomplete first-order phase transition, such that they remain isolated and do not percolate or collide with each other due to the extremely low nucleation rate. This is followed by a bulk phase transition in the rest of the universe that inverts these pre-existing bubbles into false vacuum regions. These spherically symmetric false-vacuum bubbles subsequently collapse to form PBHs. Unlike conventional PBH formation mechanisms associated with domain wall collapse or bubble coalescence, our inverted bubble collapse mechanism naturally ensures spherical collapse. We demonstrate that, when applied to the singlet extension of the Standard Model, this mechanism can produce highly monochromatic PBHs with masses up to O $$ \mathcal{O} $$ (10−7 – 10−5)M ⊙, which potentially explain the microlensing events observed in the OGLE and Subaru HSC data.https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP07(2025)065Black HolesCosmology of Theories BSMPhase Transitions in the Early Universe
spellingShingle Kai Murai
Kodai Sakurai
Fuminobu Takahashi
Primordial black hole formation via inverted bubble collapse
Journal of High Energy Physics
Black Holes
Cosmology of Theories BSM
Phase Transitions in the Early Universe
title Primordial black hole formation via inverted bubble collapse
title_full Primordial black hole formation via inverted bubble collapse
title_fullStr Primordial black hole formation via inverted bubble collapse
title_full_unstemmed Primordial black hole formation via inverted bubble collapse
title_short Primordial black hole formation via inverted bubble collapse
title_sort primordial black hole formation via inverted bubble collapse
topic Black Holes
Cosmology of Theories BSM
Phase Transitions in the Early Universe
url https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP07(2025)065
work_keys_str_mv AT kaimurai primordialblackholeformationviainvertedbubblecollapse
AT kodaisakurai primordialblackholeformationviainvertedbubblecollapse
AT fuminobutakahashi primordialblackholeformationviainvertedbubblecollapse