Combining microscale ATR-FTIR and chemometrics to interpret degradation characteristics of earlywood, latewood, and compression wood in waterlogged archaeological pine wood
Abstract Interpreting the degradation characteristics of waterlogged archaeological wood (WAW) is crucial for the conservation of wooden cultural heritage. Generally, multidisciplinary diagnostic methods, including physical, micromorphological, and chemical approaches, are employed to evaluate the p...
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SpringerOpen
2024-11-01
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| Series: | Heritage Science |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40494-024-01510-z |
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| author | Ren Li Zhiguo Zhang Lichao Jiao Yafang Yin Fude Tie Manli Sun |
| author_facet | Ren Li Zhiguo Zhang Lichao Jiao Yafang Yin Fude Tie Manli Sun |
| author_sort | Ren Li |
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| description | Abstract Interpreting the degradation characteristics of waterlogged archaeological wood (WAW) is crucial for the conservation of wooden cultural heritage. Generally, multidisciplinary diagnostic methods, including physical, micromorphological, and chemical approaches, are employed to evaluate the preservation state of WAW. However, primarily focused on the sample level, this methodology limits the understanding of the variability in degradation from a detailed perspective. In this paper, we adopted the in-situ microscale attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) method to investigate the degradation variability in waterlogged archaeological Masson pine (Pinus massoniana) wood excavated from the ancient Chinese shipwreck Nanhai No. 1. Specifically, spectra of earlywood (EW), latewood (LW), and compression wood (CW) were extracted and combined with chemometrics to achieve rapid classification of their degradation levels. The micromorphological features of wood cell walls in conjunction with the ratios of lignin (A1509) and carbohydrate (A1370) peak areas were used to estimate the degradation levels. Unlike recent wood, moderate degradation in CW and severe degradation in EW and LW were classified in archaeological samples. The degradation levels were effectively determined through principal component analysis (PCA) and sparse partial least squares discriminant analysis (sPLSDA). The results suggest that chemometric analysis is a promising method to discern the variable degradation levels of archaeological wood at the tissue level. The methodologies developed in this study provide detailed insights into the degradation characteristics in WAW and improve the accuracy of evaluating the preservation state. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-06cd6d81e30e4d5a8dc593a76df62453 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2050-7445 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
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| series | Heritage Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-06cd6d81e30e4d5a8dc593a76df624532025-08-20T02:13:35ZengSpringerOpenHeritage Science2050-74452024-11-0112111310.1186/s40494-024-01510-zCombining microscale ATR-FTIR and chemometrics to interpret degradation characteristics of earlywood, latewood, and compression wood in waterlogged archaeological pine woodRen Li0Zhiguo Zhang1Lichao Jiao2Yafang Yin3Fude Tie4Manli Sun5China-Central Asia “the Belt and Road” Joint Laboratory on Human and Environment Research, Key Laboratory of Cultural Heritage Research and Conservation, School of Culture Heritage, Northwest UniversityNational Center for ArchaeologyResearch Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of ForestryResearch Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of ForestryChina-Central Asia “the Belt and Road” Joint Laboratory on Human and Environment Research, Key Laboratory of Cultural Heritage Research and Conservation, School of Culture Heritage, Northwest UniversityChina-Central Asia “the Belt and Road” Joint Laboratory on Human and Environment Research, Key Laboratory of Cultural Heritage Research and Conservation, School of Culture Heritage, Northwest UniversityAbstract Interpreting the degradation characteristics of waterlogged archaeological wood (WAW) is crucial for the conservation of wooden cultural heritage. Generally, multidisciplinary diagnostic methods, including physical, micromorphological, and chemical approaches, are employed to evaluate the preservation state of WAW. However, primarily focused on the sample level, this methodology limits the understanding of the variability in degradation from a detailed perspective. In this paper, we adopted the in-situ microscale attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) method to investigate the degradation variability in waterlogged archaeological Masson pine (Pinus massoniana) wood excavated from the ancient Chinese shipwreck Nanhai No. 1. Specifically, spectra of earlywood (EW), latewood (LW), and compression wood (CW) were extracted and combined with chemometrics to achieve rapid classification of their degradation levels. The micromorphological features of wood cell walls in conjunction with the ratios of lignin (A1509) and carbohydrate (A1370) peak areas were used to estimate the degradation levels. Unlike recent wood, moderate degradation in CW and severe degradation in EW and LW were classified in archaeological samples. The degradation levels were effectively determined through principal component analysis (PCA) and sparse partial least squares discriminant analysis (sPLSDA). The results suggest that chemometric analysis is a promising method to discern the variable degradation levels of archaeological wood at the tissue level. The methodologies developed in this study provide detailed insights into the degradation characteristics in WAW and improve the accuracy of evaluating the preservation state.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40494-024-01510-zEarlywoodLatewoodCompression woodAttenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infraredWood degradationDegradation level |
| spellingShingle | Ren Li Zhiguo Zhang Lichao Jiao Yafang Yin Fude Tie Manli Sun Combining microscale ATR-FTIR and chemometrics to interpret degradation characteristics of earlywood, latewood, and compression wood in waterlogged archaeological pine wood Heritage Science Earlywood Latewood Compression wood Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared Wood degradation Degradation level |
| title | Combining microscale ATR-FTIR and chemometrics to interpret degradation characteristics of earlywood, latewood, and compression wood in waterlogged archaeological pine wood |
| title_full | Combining microscale ATR-FTIR and chemometrics to interpret degradation characteristics of earlywood, latewood, and compression wood in waterlogged archaeological pine wood |
| title_fullStr | Combining microscale ATR-FTIR and chemometrics to interpret degradation characteristics of earlywood, latewood, and compression wood in waterlogged archaeological pine wood |
| title_full_unstemmed | Combining microscale ATR-FTIR and chemometrics to interpret degradation characteristics of earlywood, latewood, and compression wood in waterlogged archaeological pine wood |
| title_short | Combining microscale ATR-FTIR and chemometrics to interpret degradation characteristics of earlywood, latewood, and compression wood in waterlogged archaeological pine wood |
| title_sort | combining microscale atr ftir and chemometrics to interpret degradation characteristics of earlywood latewood and compression wood in waterlogged archaeological pine wood |
| topic | Earlywood Latewood Compression wood Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared Wood degradation Degradation level |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40494-024-01510-z |
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