Potential Zoonotic Disease Transmission from Macaques to Human in Ecotourism Areas: A Systematic Review
Introduction: Zoonotic diseases pose a significant public health threat, particularly in ecotourism areas where frequent human-macaque interactions increase the risk of pathogen transmission between species. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for safeguarding both human and animal health. T...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Pasteur Institute of Iran
2024-12-01
|
| Series: | Journal of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://jommid.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-684-en.html |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1849728022292201472 |
|---|---|
| author | Sepriyoga Virdana1 Rizaldi1* Rita Maliza1 |
| author_facet | Sepriyoga Virdana1 Rizaldi1* Rita Maliza1 |
| author_sort | Sepriyoga Virdana1 |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction: Zoonotic diseases pose a significant public health threat,
particularly in ecotourism areas where frequent human-macaque interactions
increase the risk of pathogen transmission between species. Understanding
these dynamics is crucial for safeguarding both human and animal health.
This systematic review synthesizes research on the prevalence and
transmission of zoonotic pathogens from macaques to humans in ecotourism
settings. Methods: The review adhered to PRISMA guidelines, and a
comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Web of
Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Semantic Scholar to identify relevant
publications. Seventeen studies published between 2000 and 2024 were
rigorously evaluated. These studies investigated zoonotic disease
transmission between macaques and humans in diverse ecotourism settings
across eight countries. Results: The analysis revealed that viruses (42%)
were the most frequently reported zoonotic pathogens transmitted from
macaques to humans, followed by helminths (28%) and protozoa (26%).
Transmission occurred through both direct and indirect pathways, including
bites, scratches, physical contact, and exposure to contaminated surfaces or
objects. Conclusions: The findings underscore the need for robust public
health interventions, such as enhanced surveillance, vaccination programs,
and hygiene protocols. Effective ecotourism management strategies should
also incorporate educational programs for visitors on zoonotic risks,
improved hygiene infrastructure, and strict regulations on human-macaque
interactions, including maintaining safe distances and prohibiting feeding, to
protect both human and animal health. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-06bc75d69aff4bd1832bfc48a75a0ae3 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2345-5349 2345-5330 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Pasteur Institute of Iran |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases |
| spelling | doaj-art-06bc75d69aff4bd1832bfc48a75a0ae32025-08-20T03:09:41ZengPasteur Institute of IranJournal of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases2345-53492345-53302024-12-0112424325810.61186/JoMMID.12.4.243Potential Zoonotic Disease Transmission from Macaques to Human in Ecotourism Areas: A Systematic ReviewSepriyoga Virdana10https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4119-9725Rizaldi1*1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4549-5329Rita Maliza12https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8494-314X1Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Andalas University, Padang, 25163, Indonesia1Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Andalas University, Padang, 25163, Indonesia1Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Andalas University, Padang, 25163, IndonesiaIntroduction: Zoonotic diseases pose a significant public health threat, particularly in ecotourism areas where frequent human-macaque interactions increase the risk of pathogen transmission between species. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for safeguarding both human and animal health. This systematic review synthesizes research on the prevalence and transmission of zoonotic pathogens from macaques to humans in ecotourism settings. Methods: The review adhered to PRISMA guidelines, and a comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Semantic Scholar to identify relevant publications. Seventeen studies published between 2000 and 2024 were rigorously evaluated. These studies investigated zoonotic disease transmission between macaques and humans in diverse ecotourism settings across eight countries. Results: The analysis revealed that viruses (42%) were the most frequently reported zoonotic pathogens transmitted from macaques to humans, followed by helminths (28%) and protozoa (26%). Transmission occurred through both direct and indirect pathways, including bites, scratches, physical contact, and exposure to contaminated surfaces or objects. Conclusions: The findings underscore the need for robust public health interventions, such as enhanced surveillance, vaccination programs, and hygiene protocols. Effective ecotourism management strategies should also incorporate educational programs for visitors on zoonotic risks, improved hygiene infrastructure, and strict regulations on human-macaque interactions, including maintaining safe distances and prohibiting feeding, to protect both human and animal health.https://jommid.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-684-en.htmlzoonotic diseasesmacaquespathogen transmissionecotourismhuman-wildlife interactionpublic health management |
| spellingShingle | Sepriyoga Virdana1 Rizaldi1* Rita Maliza1 Potential Zoonotic Disease Transmission from Macaques to Human in Ecotourism Areas: A Systematic Review Journal of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases zoonotic diseases macaques pathogen transmission ecotourism human-wildlife interaction public health management |
| title | Potential Zoonotic Disease Transmission from Macaques to Human in Ecotourism Areas: A Systematic Review |
| title_full | Potential Zoonotic Disease Transmission from Macaques to Human in Ecotourism Areas: A Systematic Review |
| title_fullStr | Potential Zoonotic Disease Transmission from Macaques to Human in Ecotourism Areas: A Systematic Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Potential Zoonotic Disease Transmission from Macaques to Human in Ecotourism Areas: A Systematic Review |
| title_short | Potential Zoonotic Disease Transmission from Macaques to Human in Ecotourism Areas: A Systematic Review |
| title_sort | potential zoonotic disease transmission from macaques to human in ecotourism areas a systematic review |
| topic | zoonotic diseases macaques pathogen transmission ecotourism human-wildlife interaction public health management |
| url | https://jommid.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-684-en.html |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT sepriyogavirdana1 potentialzoonoticdiseasetransmissionfrommacaquestohumaninecotourismareasasystematicreview AT rizaldi1 potentialzoonoticdiseasetransmissionfrommacaquestohumaninecotourismareasasystematicreview AT ritamaliza1 potentialzoonoticdiseasetransmissionfrommacaquestohumaninecotourismareasasystematicreview |