Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales colonisation in a tertiary PICU, Cape Town, South Africa

Background: Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) are important healthcare-associated pathogens in resource-limited paediatric intensive care units (PICUs). The prevalence and clinical predictors of CRE colonisation in South African PICUs are unknown. Objectives: To determine CRE colonisation...

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Main Authors: Elri du Plooy, Angela Dramowski, Pieter Nel, Noor M. Parker, Helena Rabie
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: AOSIS 2025-06-01
Series:Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases
Subjects:
Online Access:https://sajid.co.za/index.php/sajid/article/view/720
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author Elri du Plooy
Angela Dramowski
Pieter Nel
Noor M. Parker
Helena Rabie
author_facet Elri du Plooy
Angela Dramowski
Pieter Nel
Noor M. Parker
Helena Rabie
author_sort Elri du Plooy
collection DOAJ
description Background: Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) are important healthcare-associated pathogens in resource-limited paediatric intensive care units (PICUs). The prevalence and clinical predictors of CRE colonisation in South African PICUs are unknown. Objectives: To determine CRE colonisation status in a South African PICU. Method: Between 01 January 2022 and 31 December 2022, we collected admission and exit rectal swabs from children admitted to Tygerberg Hospital PICU, Cape Town. Prevalent CRE was defined as CRE-colonised at PICU admission, including children isolating CRE in the preceding 6 months. Incident CRE was defined as acquisition of CRE colonisation during the PICU stay. Results: Among 638 PICU admissions, we included 552 children (median age 9 months, 54% male) with an entry swab and/or known positive CRE colonisation status; 237 (42.9%) had exit rectal swabs collected. Prevalent CRE was identified in 8% (44/552) on admission, with 29/44 (65.9%) newly identified as CRE-colonised. Incident CRE was identified in 24/227 (10.6%) admissions. Children with prevalent CRE were younger than those not CRE-colonised at PICU entry (median 4.5 months vs 10 months; p  0.05). Children with incident CRE were younger (median 3 months vs 8 months; p  0.05), and had longer PICU stays (median 7 vs 4 days; p  0.05) compared to those who remained CRE-non-colonised. Conclusion: CRE colonisation is common in PICU patients with implications for admission, isolation and antibiotic policies. Better understanding of clinical predictors of CRE colonisation will support the development of appropriate CRE screening recommendations and interventions. Contribution: This study provides insight into the burden and predictors of CRE colonisation in a South African PICU setting.
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series Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases
spelling doaj-art-06b7f085f975470d8a2659419dbcae8f2025-08-20T03:29:19ZengAOSISSouthern African Journal of Infectious Diseases2312-00532313-18102025-06-01401e1e810.4102/sajid.v40i1.720345Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales colonisation in a tertiary PICU, Cape Town, South AfricaElri du Plooy0Angela Dramowski1Pieter Nel2Noor M. Parker3Helena Rabie4Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape TownDepartment of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape TownDivision of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa; and, Department of Medical Microbiology, National Health Laboratory Service, Tygerberg Hospital, Cape TownDepartment of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape TownDepartment of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape TownBackground: Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) are important healthcare-associated pathogens in resource-limited paediatric intensive care units (PICUs). The prevalence and clinical predictors of CRE colonisation in South African PICUs are unknown. Objectives: To determine CRE colonisation status in a South African PICU. Method: Between 01 January 2022 and 31 December 2022, we collected admission and exit rectal swabs from children admitted to Tygerberg Hospital PICU, Cape Town. Prevalent CRE was defined as CRE-colonised at PICU admission, including children isolating CRE in the preceding 6 months. Incident CRE was defined as acquisition of CRE colonisation during the PICU stay. Results: Among 638 PICU admissions, we included 552 children (median age 9 months, 54% male) with an entry swab and/or known positive CRE colonisation status; 237 (42.9%) had exit rectal swabs collected. Prevalent CRE was identified in 8% (44/552) on admission, with 29/44 (65.9%) newly identified as CRE-colonised. Incident CRE was identified in 24/227 (10.6%) admissions. Children with prevalent CRE were younger than those not CRE-colonised at PICU entry (median 4.5 months vs 10 months; p  0.05). Children with incident CRE were younger (median 3 months vs 8 months; p  0.05), and had longer PICU stays (median 7 vs 4 days; p  0.05) compared to those who remained CRE-non-colonised. Conclusion: CRE colonisation is common in PICU patients with implications for admission, isolation and antibiotic policies. Better understanding of clinical predictors of CRE colonisation will support the development of appropriate CRE screening recommendations and interventions. Contribution: This study provides insight into the burden and predictors of CRE colonisation in a South African PICU setting.https://sajid.co.za/index.php/sajid/article/view/720paediatricspaediatric intensive carecarbapenem resistanceenterobacteralescre colonisation.
spellingShingle Elri du Plooy
Angela Dramowski
Pieter Nel
Noor M. Parker
Helena Rabie
Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales colonisation in a tertiary PICU, Cape Town, South Africa
Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases
paediatrics
paediatric intensive care
carbapenem resistance
enterobacterales
cre colonisation.
title Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales colonisation in a tertiary PICU, Cape Town, South Africa
title_full Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales colonisation in a tertiary PICU, Cape Town, South Africa
title_fullStr Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales colonisation in a tertiary PICU, Cape Town, South Africa
title_full_unstemmed Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales colonisation in a tertiary PICU, Cape Town, South Africa
title_short Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales colonisation in a tertiary PICU, Cape Town, South Africa
title_sort carbapenem resistant enterobacterales colonisation in a tertiary picu cape town south africa
topic paediatrics
paediatric intensive care
carbapenem resistance
enterobacterales
cre colonisation.
url https://sajid.co.za/index.php/sajid/article/view/720
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AT angeladramowski carbapenemresistantenterobacteralescolonisationinatertiarypicucapetownsouthafrica
AT pieternel carbapenemresistantenterobacteralescolonisationinatertiarypicucapetownsouthafrica
AT noormparker carbapenemresistantenterobacteralescolonisationinatertiarypicucapetownsouthafrica
AT helenarabie carbapenemresistantenterobacteralescolonisationinatertiarypicucapetownsouthafrica