Review of Layered Transition Metal Oxide Materials for Cathodes in Sodium-Ion Batteries

The growing interest in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) is driven by scarcity and the rising costs of lithium, coupled with the urgent need for scalable and sustainable energy storage solutions. Among various cathode materials, layered transition metal oxides have emerged as promising candidates due to...

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Main Authors: Mehdi Ahangari, Meng Zhou, Hongmei Luo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-01-01
Series:Micromachines
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/16/2/137
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author Mehdi Ahangari
Meng Zhou
Hongmei Luo
author_facet Mehdi Ahangari
Meng Zhou
Hongmei Luo
author_sort Mehdi Ahangari
collection DOAJ
description The growing interest in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) is driven by scarcity and the rising costs of lithium, coupled with the urgent need for scalable and sustainable energy storage solutions. Among various cathode materials, layered transition metal oxides have emerged as promising candidates due to their structural similarity to lithium-ion battery (LIB) counterparts and their potential to deliver high energy density at reduced costs. However, significant challenges remain, including limited capacity at high charge/discharge rates and structural instability during extended cycling. Addressing these issues is critical for advancing SIB technology toward industrial applications, particularly for large-scale energy storage systems. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of layered sodium transition metal oxides, focusing on their structural properties, electrochemical performance, and degradation mechanisms. Special attention is given to the intrinsic and extrinsic factors contributing to their instability, such as structural phase transitions, and cationic/anionic redox behavior. Additionally, recent advancements in material design strategies, including doping, surface modifications, and composite formation, are discussed to highlight the progress toward enhancing the stability and performance of these materials. This work aims to bridge the knowledge gaps and inspire further innovations in the development of high-performance cathodes for sodium-ion batteries.
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spelling doaj-art-06b3742dc53c4951acdaeb41b939f18a2025-08-20T02:44:50ZengMDPI AGMicromachines2072-666X2025-01-0116213710.3390/mi16020137Review of Layered Transition Metal Oxide Materials for Cathodes in Sodium-Ion BatteriesMehdi Ahangari0Meng Zhou1Hongmei Luo2Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USADepartment of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USADepartment of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USAThe growing interest in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) is driven by scarcity and the rising costs of lithium, coupled with the urgent need for scalable and sustainable energy storage solutions. Among various cathode materials, layered transition metal oxides have emerged as promising candidates due to their structural similarity to lithium-ion battery (LIB) counterparts and their potential to deliver high energy density at reduced costs. However, significant challenges remain, including limited capacity at high charge/discharge rates and structural instability during extended cycling. Addressing these issues is critical for advancing SIB technology toward industrial applications, particularly for large-scale energy storage systems. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of layered sodium transition metal oxides, focusing on their structural properties, electrochemical performance, and degradation mechanisms. Special attention is given to the intrinsic and extrinsic factors contributing to their instability, such as structural phase transitions, and cationic/anionic redox behavior. Additionally, recent advancements in material design strategies, including doping, surface modifications, and composite formation, are discussed to highlight the progress toward enhancing the stability and performance of these materials. This work aims to bridge the knowledge gaps and inspire further innovations in the development of high-performance cathodes for sodium-ion batteries.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/16/2/137sodium-ion batterieslayered transition metal oxidescathode materials
spellingShingle Mehdi Ahangari
Meng Zhou
Hongmei Luo
Review of Layered Transition Metal Oxide Materials for Cathodes in Sodium-Ion Batteries
Micromachines
sodium-ion batteries
layered transition metal oxides
cathode materials
title Review of Layered Transition Metal Oxide Materials for Cathodes in Sodium-Ion Batteries
title_full Review of Layered Transition Metal Oxide Materials for Cathodes in Sodium-Ion Batteries
title_fullStr Review of Layered Transition Metal Oxide Materials for Cathodes in Sodium-Ion Batteries
title_full_unstemmed Review of Layered Transition Metal Oxide Materials for Cathodes in Sodium-Ion Batteries
title_short Review of Layered Transition Metal Oxide Materials for Cathodes in Sodium-Ion Batteries
title_sort review of layered transition metal oxide materials for cathodes in sodium ion batteries
topic sodium-ion batteries
layered transition metal oxides
cathode materials
url https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/16/2/137
work_keys_str_mv AT mehdiahangari reviewoflayeredtransitionmetaloxidematerialsforcathodesinsodiumionbatteries
AT mengzhou reviewoflayeredtransitionmetaloxidematerialsforcathodesinsodiumionbatteries
AT hongmeiluo reviewoflayeredtransitionmetaloxidematerialsforcathodesinsodiumionbatteries