Integrated physiological and transcriptomic analyses reveal the mechanism of reduction in wheat fertile floret number under spring low-temperature stress

With the intensification of climate change, spring low-temperature stress (SLTS) leads to floret degeneration and a decrease in grain number. This study investigated the physiological mechanisms underlying SLTS-induced floret degeneration using two wheat varieties with contrasting cold sensitivity....

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Main Authors: Ying Weng, Zhiwei Tang, Weixiang Huang, Rui Wang, Feifei Wang, Hongmei Cai, Hao Wang, Zehao Liu, Baoqiang Zheng, Jincai Li, Xiang Chen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. 2025-08-01
Series:Crop Journal
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214514125001564
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author Ying Weng
Zhiwei Tang
Weixiang Huang
Rui Wang
Feifei Wang
Hongmei Cai
Hao Wang
Zehao Liu
Baoqiang Zheng
Jincai Li
Xiang Chen
author_facet Ying Weng
Zhiwei Tang
Weixiang Huang
Rui Wang
Feifei Wang
Hongmei Cai
Hao Wang
Zehao Liu
Baoqiang Zheng
Jincai Li
Xiang Chen
author_sort Ying Weng
collection DOAJ
description With the intensification of climate change, spring low-temperature stress (SLTS) leads to floret degeneration and a decrease in grain number. This study investigated the physiological mechanisms underlying SLTS-induced floret degeneration using two wheat varieties with contrasting cold sensitivity. SLTS caused yellowing and shrinkage of floret primordia, increasing floret degeneration and fertile floret abortion, ultimately reducing grains per spike by 12.2%–26.1%. SLTS disrupted nutrient supply, impairing dry matter accumulation in young spikes. At 0–15 d after low-temperature stress (DALTS), SLTS caused a brief increase in the sugar content of young spikes (0–3 DALTS), followed by a rapid decrease (6–15 DALTS), while the total nitrogen content keeps decreasing. SLTS altered key enzyme activities, enhancing sucrose synthase and sucrose phosphate synthase but suppressing nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that SLTS perturbed starch and sucrose metabolism, carbon and nitrogen metabolism, and amino sugar pathways, altering soluble sugars, sucrose, fructose, and protein levels. SLTS disrupted carbon–nitrogen metabolic homeostasis, thereby reducing the number of fertile florets and ultimately leading to a decrease in grain number per spike. These findings enhance understanding of SLTS impacts on wheat floret development and provide insights for improving low-temperature tolerance and yield stability in wheat.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2214-5141
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publishDate 2025-08-01
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spelling doaj-art-06ad01fce20f472d8a3220797ca09cfd2025-08-22T04:56:36ZengKeAi Communications Co., Ltd.Crop Journal2214-51412025-08-011341246125810.1016/j.cj.2025.06.007Integrated physiological and transcriptomic analyses reveal the mechanism of reduction in wheat fertile floret number under spring low-temperature stressYing Weng0Zhiwei Tang1Weixiang Huang2Rui Wang3Feifei Wang4Hongmei Cai5Hao Wang6Zehao Liu7Baoqiang Zheng8Jincai Li9Xiang Chen10National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, ChinaNational Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, ChinaNational Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, ChinaNational Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, ChinaNational Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, ChinaNational Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, ChinaNational Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, ChinaNational Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, ChinaNational Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, ChinaNational Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China; Corresponding authors.National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China; Corresponding authors.With the intensification of climate change, spring low-temperature stress (SLTS) leads to floret degeneration and a decrease in grain number. This study investigated the physiological mechanisms underlying SLTS-induced floret degeneration using two wheat varieties with contrasting cold sensitivity. SLTS caused yellowing and shrinkage of floret primordia, increasing floret degeneration and fertile floret abortion, ultimately reducing grains per spike by 12.2%–26.1%. SLTS disrupted nutrient supply, impairing dry matter accumulation in young spikes. At 0–15 d after low-temperature stress (DALTS), SLTS caused a brief increase in the sugar content of young spikes (0–3 DALTS), followed by a rapid decrease (6–15 DALTS), while the total nitrogen content keeps decreasing. SLTS altered key enzyme activities, enhancing sucrose synthase and sucrose phosphate synthase but suppressing nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that SLTS perturbed starch and sucrose metabolism, carbon and nitrogen metabolism, and amino sugar pathways, altering soluble sugars, sucrose, fructose, and protein levels. SLTS disrupted carbon–nitrogen metabolic homeostasis, thereby reducing the number of fertile florets and ultimately leading to a decrease in grain number per spike. These findings enhance understanding of SLTS impacts on wheat floret development and provide insights for improving low-temperature tolerance and yield stability in wheat.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214514125001564Triticum aestivum L.Fertile floretsCarbon and nitrogen metabolismTranscriptomicsCold stress
spellingShingle Ying Weng
Zhiwei Tang
Weixiang Huang
Rui Wang
Feifei Wang
Hongmei Cai
Hao Wang
Zehao Liu
Baoqiang Zheng
Jincai Li
Xiang Chen
Integrated physiological and transcriptomic analyses reveal the mechanism of reduction in wheat fertile floret number under spring low-temperature stress
Crop Journal
Triticum aestivum L.
Fertile florets
Carbon and nitrogen metabolism
Transcriptomics
Cold stress
title Integrated physiological and transcriptomic analyses reveal the mechanism of reduction in wheat fertile floret number under spring low-temperature stress
title_full Integrated physiological and transcriptomic analyses reveal the mechanism of reduction in wheat fertile floret number under spring low-temperature stress
title_fullStr Integrated physiological and transcriptomic analyses reveal the mechanism of reduction in wheat fertile floret number under spring low-temperature stress
title_full_unstemmed Integrated physiological and transcriptomic analyses reveal the mechanism of reduction in wheat fertile floret number under spring low-temperature stress
title_short Integrated physiological and transcriptomic analyses reveal the mechanism of reduction in wheat fertile floret number under spring low-temperature stress
title_sort integrated physiological and transcriptomic analyses reveal the mechanism of reduction in wheat fertile floret number under spring low temperature stress
topic Triticum aestivum L.
Fertile florets
Carbon and nitrogen metabolism
Transcriptomics
Cold stress
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214514125001564
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