The Future of Vineyard Irrigation: AI-Driven Insights from IoT Data

Accurate irrigation volume prediction is crucial for sustainable agriculture. This study enhances precision irrigation by integrating diverse datasets, including historical irrigation records, soil moisture, and climatic factors, collected from a small-scale commercial estate vineyard in southwester...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Simona Stojanova, Mojca Volk, Gregor Balkovec, Andrej Kos, Emilija Stojmenova Duh
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Sensors
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/12/3658
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850165271526899712
author Simona Stojanova
Mojca Volk
Gregor Balkovec
Andrej Kos
Emilija Stojmenova Duh
author_facet Simona Stojanova
Mojca Volk
Gregor Balkovec
Andrej Kos
Emilija Stojmenova Duh
author_sort Simona Stojanova
collection DOAJ
description Accurate irrigation volume prediction is crucial for sustainable agriculture. This study enhances precision irrigation by integrating diverse datasets, including historical irrigation records, soil moisture, and climatic factors, collected from a small-scale commercial estate vineyard in southwestern Idaho, the United States of America (USA), over a period of three years (2017–2019). Focusing on long-term irrigation forecasting, addressing a critical gap in sustainable water management, we use machine learning (ML) methods to predict future irrigation needs, with improved accuracy. We designed, developed, and tested a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model, which achieved a Mean Squared Error (MSE) of 0.37, and evaluated its performance against a simpler baseline linear regression (LinReg) model, which yielded a higher MSE of 1.29. We validate the results of the LSTM model using a cross-validation technique, wherein a mean MSE of 0.18 was achieved. The low value of the statistical analysis (<i>p</i>-value = 0.0009) of a paired <i>t</i>-test confirmed that the improvement is significant. This research shows the potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to optimize irrigation planning and advance sustainable precision agriculture (PA), by providing a practical tool for long-term forecasting and that supports data-driven decisions.
format Article
id doaj-art-069030fcdafd4d349d1b7ec5f97d0960
institution OA Journals
issn 1424-8220
language English
publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Sensors
spelling doaj-art-069030fcdafd4d349d1b7ec5f97d09602025-08-20T02:21:47ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-06-012512365810.3390/s25123658The Future of Vineyard Irrigation: AI-Driven Insights from IoT DataSimona Stojanova0Mojca Volk1Gregor Balkovec2Andrej Kos3Emilija Stojmenova Duh4Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška cesta 25, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaFaculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška cesta 25, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaFaculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška cesta 25, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaFaculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška cesta 25, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaFaculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška cesta 25, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaAccurate irrigation volume prediction is crucial for sustainable agriculture. This study enhances precision irrigation by integrating diverse datasets, including historical irrigation records, soil moisture, and climatic factors, collected from a small-scale commercial estate vineyard in southwestern Idaho, the United States of America (USA), over a period of three years (2017–2019). Focusing on long-term irrigation forecasting, addressing a critical gap in sustainable water management, we use machine learning (ML) methods to predict future irrigation needs, with improved accuracy. We designed, developed, and tested a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model, which achieved a Mean Squared Error (MSE) of 0.37, and evaluated its performance against a simpler baseline linear regression (LinReg) model, which yielded a higher MSE of 1.29. We validate the results of the LSTM model using a cross-validation technique, wherein a mean MSE of 0.18 was achieved. The low value of the statistical analysis (<i>p</i>-value = 0.0009) of a paired <i>t</i>-test confirmed that the improvement is significant. This research shows the potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to optimize irrigation planning and advance sustainable precision agriculture (PA), by providing a practical tool for long-term forecasting and that supports data-driven decisions.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/12/3658sustainable agricultureirrigation predictioninternet of thingssensorslinear regressionLSTM
spellingShingle Simona Stojanova
Mojca Volk
Gregor Balkovec
Andrej Kos
Emilija Stojmenova Duh
The Future of Vineyard Irrigation: AI-Driven Insights from IoT Data
Sensors
sustainable agriculture
irrigation prediction
internet of things
sensors
linear regression
LSTM
title The Future of Vineyard Irrigation: AI-Driven Insights from IoT Data
title_full The Future of Vineyard Irrigation: AI-Driven Insights from IoT Data
title_fullStr The Future of Vineyard Irrigation: AI-Driven Insights from IoT Data
title_full_unstemmed The Future of Vineyard Irrigation: AI-Driven Insights from IoT Data
title_short The Future of Vineyard Irrigation: AI-Driven Insights from IoT Data
title_sort future of vineyard irrigation ai driven insights from iot data
topic sustainable agriculture
irrigation prediction
internet of things
sensors
linear regression
LSTM
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/12/3658
work_keys_str_mv AT simonastojanova thefutureofvineyardirrigationaidriveninsightsfromiotdata
AT mojcavolk thefutureofvineyardirrigationaidriveninsightsfromiotdata
AT gregorbalkovec thefutureofvineyardirrigationaidriveninsightsfromiotdata
AT andrejkos thefutureofvineyardirrigationaidriveninsightsfromiotdata
AT emilijastojmenovaduh thefutureofvineyardirrigationaidriveninsightsfromiotdata
AT simonastojanova futureofvineyardirrigationaidriveninsightsfromiotdata
AT mojcavolk futureofvineyardirrigationaidriveninsightsfromiotdata
AT gregorbalkovec futureofvineyardirrigationaidriveninsightsfromiotdata
AT andrejkos futureofvineyardirrigationaidriveninsightsfromiotdata
AT emilijastojmenovaduh futureofvineyardirrigationaidriveninsightsfromiotdata