Efficiency, cytotoxicity, and survivability evaluation of Salmonella phage cocktail against Salmonella derived from broiler sources

Background and Aim: Salmonella is a leading cause of foodborne illnesses worldwide, often linked to poultry products. Antibiotic resistance among Salmonella strains has increased the need for alternative decontamination strategies, such as bacteriophage (phage) therapy. This study evaluates the lyti...

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Main Authors: Wattana Pelyuntha, Thamonwan Narkpao, David Yembilla Yamik, Pichamon Kiatwuthinon, Arsooth Sanguankiat, Attawit Kovitvadhi, Kitiya Vongkamjan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Veterinary World 2025-02-01
Series:Veterinary World
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Online Access:https://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.18/February-2025/22.pdf
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author Wattana Pelyuntha
Thamonwan Narkpao
David Yembilla Yamik
Pichamon Kiatwuthinon
Arsooth Sanguankiat
Attawit Kovitvadhi
Kitiya Vongkamjan
author_facet Wattana Pelyuntha
Thamonwan Narkpao
David Yembilla Yamik
Pichamon Kiatwuthinon
Arsooth Sanguankiat
Attawit Kovitvadhi
Kitiya Vongkamjan
author_sort Wattana Pelyuntha
collection DOAJ
description Background and Aim: Salmonella is a leading cause of foodborne illnesses worldwide, often linked to poultry products. Antibiotic resistance among Salmonella strains has increased the need for alternative decontamination strategies, such as bacteriophage (phage) therapy. This study evaluates the lytic efficiency, cytotoxicity, and survivability of a Salmonella phage cocktail derived from wastewater sources. Materials and Methods: A total of 251 Salmonella enterica isolates from broiler production chains were tested against two selected phages (WP109 and WP128). The phages were characterized for lytic ability, cytotoxicity on Caco-2 cells, and survivability under simulated gastrointestinal and harsh environmental conditions. A cocktail of the phages was further tested for efficiency at different multiplicities of infection (MOIs) against representative Salmonella strains. Results: Phage WP109 lysed 91.2% of Salmonella isolates, while WP128 lysed 78.2%. The phage cocktail exhibited a significant reduction of Salmonella counts at MOI 104, achieving up to a 4.4 log CFU/mL reduction in vitro. The cocktail maintained 99.9% survivability in simulated gastric conditions and displayed no cytotoxic effects on Caco-2 cells. Moreover, it was resistant to various ionic sanitizers and pH levels ranging from 2 to 11. Conclusion: The developed phage cocktail demonstrated high lytic efficacy, stability, and safety under simulated conditions, highlighting its potential as a biocontrol agent in the broiler production chain. These findings support its application in reducing Salmonella contamination while addressing the challenges posed by antibiotic resistance.
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publishDate 2025-02-01
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spelling doaj-art-068f1b111ea34aeeb8284ef0921544992025-08-20T03:05:09ZengVeterinary WorldVeterinary World0972-89882231-09162025-02-0118247548310.14202/vetworld.2025.475-483Efficiency, cytotoxicity, and survivability evaluation of Salmonella phage cocktail against Salmonella derived from broiler sourcesWattana Pelyuntha0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3357-9325Thamonwan Narkpao1David Yembilla Yamik2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9612-6430Pichamon Kiatwuthinon3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6806-9261Arsooth Sanguankiat4https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7650-5142Attawit Kovitvadhi5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0769-5234Kitiya Vongkamjan6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9379-553XFuturistic Science Research Center, School of Science, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; Research Center for Theoretical Simulation and Applied Research in Bioscience and Sensing, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand.Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand.Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.Background and Aim: Salmonella is a leading cause of foodborne illnesses worldwide, often linked to poultry products. Antibiotic resistance among Salmonella strains has increased the need for alternative decontamination strategies, such as bacteriophage (phage) therapy. This study evaluates the lytic efficiency, cytotoxicity, and survivability of a Salmonella phage cocktail derived from wastewater sources. Materials and Methods: A total of 251 Salmonella enterica isolates from broiler production chains were tested against two selected phages (WP109 and WP128). The phages were characterized for lytic ability, cytotoxicity on Caco-2 cells, and survivability under simulated gastrointestinal and harsh environmental conditions. A cocktail of the phages was further tested for efficiency at different multiplicities of infection (MOIs) against representative Salmonella strains. Results: Phage WP109 lysed 91.2% of Salmonella isolates, while WP128 lysed 78.2%. The phage cocktail exhibited a significant reduction of Salmonella counts at MOI 104, achieving up to a 4.4 log CFU/mL reduction in vitro. The cocktail maintained 99.9% survivability in simulated gastric conditions and displayed no cytotoxic effects on Caco-2 cells. Moreover, it was resistant to various ionic sanitizers and pH levels ranging from 2 to 11. Conclusion: The developed phage cocktail demonstrated high lytic efficacy, stability, and safety under simulated conditions, highlighting its potential as a biocontrol agent in the broiler production chain. These findings support its application in reducing Salmonella contamination while addressing the challenges posed by antibiotic resistance.https://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.18/February-2025/22.pdfantibiotic resistancebacteriophage therapyfood safetyphage cocktailpoultry productionsalmonella
spellingShingle Wattana Pelyuntha
Thamonwan Narkpao
David Yembilla Yamik
Pichamon Kiatwuthinon
Arsooth Sanguankiat
Attawit Kovitvadhi
Kitiya Vongkamjan
Efficiency, cytotoxicity, and survivability evaluation of Salmonella phage cocktail against Salmonella derived from broiler sources
Veterinary World
antibiotic resistance
bacteriophage therapy
food safety
phage cocktail
poultry production
salmonella
title Efficiency, cytotoxicity, and survivability evaluation of Salmonella phage cocktail against Salmonella derived from broiler sources
title_full Efficiency, cytotoxicity, and survivability evaluation of Salmonella phage cocktail against Salmonella derived from broiler sources
title_fullStr Efficiency, cytotoxicity, and survivability evaluation of Salmonella phage cocktail against Salmonella derived from broiler sources
title_full_unstemmed Efficiency, cytotoxicity, and survivability evaluation of Salmonella phage cocktail against Salmonella derived from broiler sources
title_short Efficiency, cytotoxicity, and survivability evaluation of Salmonella phage cocktail against Salmonella derived from broiler sources
title_sort efficiency cytotoxicity and survivability evaluation of salmonella phage cocktail against salmonella derived from broiler sources
topic antibiotic resistance
bacteriophage therapy
food safety
phage cocktail
poultry production
salmonella
url https://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.18/February-2025/22.pdf
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